Ruling on one who leaves a prostration in his prayer due to forgetfulness
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What is the ruling if a worshipper forgets a prostration in his prayer, whether he realizes it while still in the prayer or only after it has ended?
Answer: If he forgets a prostration, the rak'ah in which he left the prostration is invalid, and the second rak'ah takes its place. So whenever he remembers, he performs a rak'ah in place of the rak'ah from which he left the prostration, and he performs the prostration for forgetfulness if he is the imam. As for if he is a ma'mum, he makes up the missed part after his imam's taslim; he stands and performs a rak'ah in place of the rak'ah from which he left the prostration, and that suffices him... and his prayer is valid, if Allah wills, by doing so; because he missed a rak'ah in meaning due to the prostration he left. As for if he is an imam or praying alone, he performs a rak'ah in place of the rak'ah from which he left the prostration and performs the prostration for forgetfulness after that. As for the ma'mum who forgot the prostration and did not notice it until the rak'ah had passed, after he stood up for the second rak'ah and began the recitation, if his imam says the taslim, he performs a rak'ah in place of the rak'ah from which he left the prostration. If he remembers it when he stands up, he goes back and performs the prostration, and his prayer is complete without the need to add a rak'ah, if he remembers it immediately when he stands up for the rak'ah after it, or after he stands up but before beginning the recitation, he goes back and performs the prostration, and his rak'ah suffices him. But if he forgets and the forgetfulness continues, he performs a rak'ah after that. And the most likely view, and Allah knows best, is that he performs the prostration for forgetfulness; because he becomes like the masbuq, and when the masbuq makes up the rak'ah that is due on him, he performs two prostrations for forgetfulness, because in this case his ruling is the ruling of the masbuq. Yes.
The presenter: May Allah reward you with good. And if he did not know until after the prayer, for example, does he repeat the prayer?
The Shaykh: No. He performs a rak'ah if the time is short and near; he performs only a rak'ah and performs the prostration for forgetfulness. But if the interval was long... known by custom that he forgot and did not remember until the second or third day, or after a long interval, the point is: if the interval was long, he repeats the entire prayer, he performs it all, he makes up the entire prayer. Yes.
The presenter: May Allah reward you with good, and may Allah bless you.
Answer: If he forgets a prostration, the rak'ah in which he left the prostration is invalid, and the second rak'ah takes its place. So whenever he remembers, he performs a rak'ah in place of the rak'ah from which he left the prostration, and he performs the prostration for forgetfulness if he is the imam. As for if he is a ma'mum, he makes up the missed part after his imam's taslim; he stands and performs a rak'ah in place of the rak'ah from which he left the prostration, and that suffices him... and his prayer is valid, if Allah wills, by doing so; because he missed a rak'ah in meaning due to the prostration he left. As for if he is an imam or praying alone, he performs a rak'ah in place of the rak'ah from which he left the prostration and performs the prostration for forgetfulness after that. As for the ma'mum who forgot the prostration and did not notice it until the rak'ah had passed, after he stood up for the second rak'ah and began the recitation, if his imam says the taslim, he performs a rak'ah in place of the rak'ah from which he left the prostration. If he remembers it when he stands up, he goes back and performs the prostration, and his prayer is complete without the need to add a rak'ah, if he remembers it immediately when he stands up for the rak'ah after it, or after he stands up but before beginning the recitation, he goes back and performs the prostration, and his rak'ah suffices him. But if he forgets and the forgetfulness continues, he performs a rak'ah after that. And the most likely view, and Allah knows best, is that he performs the prostration for forgetfulness; because he becomes like the masbuq, and when the masbuq makes up the rak'ah that is due on him, he performs two prostrations for forgetfulness, because in this case his ruling is the ruling of the masbuq. Yes.
The presenter: May Allah reward you with good. And if he did not know until after the prayer, for example, does he repeat the prayer?
The Shaykh: No. He performs a rak'ah if the time is short and near; he performs only a rak'ah and performs the prostration for forgetfulness. But if the interval was long... known by custom that he forgot and did not remember until the second or third day, or after a long interval, the point is: if the interval was long, he repeats the entire prayer, he performs it all, he makes up the entire prayer. Yes.
The presenter: May Allah reward you with good, and may Allah bless you.
Source
binbaz.org.sa
The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.