The ruling for the ma'mum who catches up with the congregation while they are in the final tashahhud
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A person entered the prayer while the people were sitting in the final tashahhud, and he sat with them. After the imam finished the prayer with the taslim, he completed his prayer. Does he receive the reward of the congregation? And if he does not receive the reward of the congregation, what is his reward for that?
Answer: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:Muwatta Malik 3:4. So what is prescribed for him, if he arrives while they are sitting in the final tashahhud, is to enter with them and sit with them while saying the takbir. He says the takbir while standing, the takbir of ihram, then he sits and recites the tashahhud with them. When his imam says the taslim, he stands up and completes his prayer. As for whether he gets the virtue of the congregation, there is a detailed ruling on this:
If he was excused because he was delayed for a legitimate religious excuse, such as needing to relieve himself and going to perform wudu', or being occupied by something he could not avoid, then he gets the reward of the congregation. This is because the one who is occupied or excused by a legitimate religious excuse has the same ruling as the one who was present. This is based on his saying (peace and blessings be upon him):, and his saying (peace and blessings be upon him) regarding the expedition to Tabuk: Sahih al-Bukhari 4423. In another wording: . And in another wording: . This indicates that the one who is prevented by a legitimate religious excuse gets the reward of the one who performed the act in the prescribed manner.
However, if he was delayed due to negligence, he does not get the virtue of the congregation. And he (peace and blessings be upon him) said:Muwatta Malik 1:15. Whoever catches up with one rak'ah catches up with the virtue of the congregation, and if he does not catch up with the rak'ah, he does not catch up with the virtue of the congregation, if it is due to negligence and the absence of a legitimate religious excuse. And Allah is the One to be asked for help.
Answer: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
When the iqama is called for prayer, do not come to it running, but come with calmness. Pray what you catch and complete what you miss.
إذا أتيتم الصلاة فلا تأتوها وأنتم تسعون وأتوها وعليكم السكينة، فما أدركتم فصلوا وما فاتكم فأتمواIf he was excused because he was delayed for a legitimate religious excuse, such as needing to relieve himself and going to perform wudu', or being occupied by something he could not avoid, then he gets the reward of the congregation. This is because the one who is occupied or excused by a legitimate religious excuse has the same ruling as the one who was present. This is based on his saying (peace and blessings be upon him):
If a servant falls ill or travels, Allah writes for him what he used to do while he was healthy and resident.
إذا مرض العبد أو سافر كتب الله ما كان يعمل وهو صحيح مقيمThere are some people in Medina who were with you all the time, you did not travel any portion of the journey nor crossed any valley, but they were with you
إن في المدينة أقواماً ما سرتم مسيراً ولا قطعتم وادياً إلا وهم معكمExcept that they share the reward with you. They said: O Messenger of Allah! And they are in the city? He said: And they are in the city; an excuse prevented them.
إلا شركوكم في الأجر، قالوا: يا رسول الله! وهم في المدينة؟ قال: وهم في المدينة، حبسهم العذرIllness held them back
حبسهم المرضHowever, if he was delayed due to negligence, he does not get the virtue of the congregation. And he (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
Whoever catches a raka of the prayer has caught the prayer.
من أدرك ركعة من الصلاة فقد أدرك الصلاة
Source
binbaz.org.sa
The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.