The Obligation of Applying the Shari'ah to Muslims and Non-Muslims in Muslim Lands

Question:
Is it permissible to apply the limits of Allah in Arab countries that declare Islam to be the state religion to both Muslims and non-Muslims who belong to that state?

Answer:
The state must apply the Shari'ah to Muslims, and to the non-Muslims among them, namely the Christians and Jews residing there. It must take the jizyah from them if it is able to do so. If it is unable to take the jizyah, it must ensure their safety in the land and leave them alone if it cannot collect the jizyah.
However, it must prevent them from aggression against people, oppression of people, and harming people. In other words, it must strive to preserve the security of the land from the enemies of Allah. It must obligate Muslims to obey Allah and His Messenger, and establish the hudud punishments upon them, such as flogging the fornicator, amputating the thief, and others. It must obligate people to obey Allah and prevent them from the prohibitions of Allah. As for the disbelievers present, it must obligate them to whatever it can to restrain their evil and harm.
If it is able to take the jizyah from them every year—and it is a sum of money levied upon them annually—then this is obligatory. It is obligatory for the state to take the jizyah from them, whether they are young or old, until they submit to Islam, or until they benefit the people with this money while their evil is restrained.