The Ruling on Friday and the Friday Prayer on the Day of Eid
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Fatwa No. ( 2140 )
Q: A group of people from the village of Fayd came to us and mentioned that a teacher at the Islamic University in Madinah came to them, and that he preached to them on a Friday and mentioned his rulings on several matters, including: that the Friday prayer and the Dhuhr prayer are waived for anyone who attends the Eid prayer on a Friday, whether as imam or as a follower; that the Friday prayer is obligatory for women, even in their homes; and that the Friday prayer is obligatory for the Bedouins, and that it is obligatory for a man and his wife; meaning that he and his wife alone would establish the Friday prayer. Since the aforementioned individuals requested that we refer this matter to your permissiveness and provide them with the correct ruling, by which their conscience is cleared, we ask you to write to us what is correct.
A: First: If an Eid coincides with a Friday, attending the Friday prayer is waived for those who prayed the Eid, except for the imam, for whom it is not waived, unless no one gathers with him to pray Friday. Among those who said this are: al-Sha'bi , al-Nakha'i , and al-Awza'i . This is the position of 'Umar and 'Uthman and 'Ali and Sa'id and Ibn 'Umar and Ibn 'Abbas and Ibn al-Zubayr and those who agreed with them among the scholars. The basis for this is what was narrated by Iyas ibn Abi Rumalah al-Shami , who said:
It was narrated by Abu Dawud, and the Imam Ahmad , and his wording is:Sahih Ibn Khuzaymah 2:1076 , and what was narrated by Abu Hurayrah from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), who said: Sunan Abi Dawud 1073Sahih (Al-Albani) , narrated by Ibn Majah, and whoever is exempt from attending the Friday prayer should pray Dhuhr. Second: The Friday prayer was legislated for men, and we do not know of any evidence indicating its prescription for women in their homes. Yes, if a woman prays the Friday prayer with the imam, it suffices for her, but it does not become valid by her prayer alone. Ibn Qudamah said: "As for the woman, there is no disagreement that there is no Friday prayer upon her." Ibn al-Mundhir said: "Everyone we know of among the scholars agreed: that there is no Friday prayer upon women." End of quote. And because the woman is not among those who attend the gatherings of men, and therefore the congregational prayer is not obligatory upon her.
Third: As for the claim that the Friday prayer is obligatory for the Bedouins, it has no basis in the pure Shari'ah. The Bedouins in the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) were around Makkah and Madinah and other parts of the Arabian Peninsula , and it is not established from him (peace and blessings be upon him) that he ordered them to pray the Friday prayer; rather, they used to pray Dhuhr. And because the nature of the Bedouins is to move and disperse across the land in search of pasture and water, and out of the mercy of Allah the Exalted, He waived the obligation of the Friday prayer for them. And because they are similar to travelers, and there is no Friday prayer upon a traveler. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) traveled many journeys that cannot be counted, and it is not known of him (peace and blessings be upon him) that he established the Friday prayer in any of his journeys. It is established from him (peace and blessings be upon him) that during the Farewell Pilgrimage, he prayed Dhuhr on a Friday and did not pray the Friday prayer, and that was on the Day of 'Arafah in the presence of a large number of Muslims; thus, it is known that the Friday prayer is not prescribed for travelers and those like them from the Bedouins. And success is from Allah, and may Allah send prayers and blessings upon our Prophet Muhammad and his family and his Companions.
Q: A group of people from the village of Fayd came to us and mentioned that a teacher at the Islamic University in Madinah came to them, and that he preached to them on a Friday and mentioned his rulings on several matters, including: that the Friday prayer and the Dhuhr prayer are waived for anyone who attends the Eid prayer on a Friday, whether as imam or as a follower; that the Friday prayer is obligatory for women, even in their homes; and that the Friday prayer is obligatory for the Bedouins, and that it is obligatory for a man and his wife; meaning that he and his wife alone would establish the Friday prayer. Since the aforementioned individuals requested that we refer this matter to your permissiveness and provide them with the correct ruling, by which their conscience is cleared, we ask you to write to us what is correct.
A: First: If an Eid coincides with a Friday, attending the Friday prayer is waived for those who prayed the Eid, except for the imam, for whom it is not waived, unless no one gathers with him to pray Friday. Among those who said this are: al-Sha'bi , al-Nakha'i , and al-Awza'i . This is the position of 'Umar and 'Uthman and 'Ali and Sa'id and Ibn 'Umar and Ibn 'Abbas and Ibn al-Zubayr and those who agreed with them among the scholars. The basis for this is what was narrated by Iyas ibn Abi Rumalah al-Shami , who said:
Mu'awiyah witnessed Zayd ibn Arqam being asked: Did you witness two Eids coinciding in one day with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)? He said: Yes. He said: What did he do? He said: He prayed the Eid, then he granted a dispensation regarding the Friday prayer, saying: Whoever wishes to pray, let him pray.
شهدت معاوية يسأل زيد بن أرقم : هل شهدت مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عيدين اجتمعا في يوم واحد؟ قال: نعم، قال: فكيف صنع؟ قال: صلى العيد ثم رخص في الجمعة، فقال: من شاء أن يصلي فليصلIt was narrated by Abu Dawud, and the Imam Ahmad , and his wording is:
Whoever wishes to combine, let him combine.
من شاء أن يجمع فليجمعTwo festivals ('Id and Friday) have synchronised on this day. If anyone does not want to offer the Friday prayer, the 'Id prayer is sufficient for him. But we shall offer the Friday prayer.
اجتمع في يومكم هذا عيدان؛ فمن شاء أجزأه من الجمعة، وإنا مجمعونThird: As for the claim that the Friday prayer is obligatory for the Bedouins, it has no basis in the pure Shari'ah. The Bedouins in the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) were around Makkah and Madinah and other parts of the Arabian Peninsula , and it is not established from him (peace and blessings be upon him) that he ordered them to pray the Friday prayer; rather, they used to pray Dhuhr. And because the nature of the Bedouins is to move and disperse across the land in search of pasture and water, and out of the mercy of Allah the Exalted, He waived the obligation of the Friday prayer for them. And because they are similar to travelers, and there is no Friday prayer upon a traveler. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) traveled many journeys that cannot be counted, and it is not known of him (peace and blessings be upon him) that he established the Friday prayer in any of his journeys. It is established from him (peace and blessings be upon him) that during the Farewell Pilgrimage, he prayed Dhuhr on a Friday and did not pray the Friday prayer, and that was on the Day of 'Arafah in the presence of a large number of Muslims; thus, it is known that the Friday prayer is not prescribed for travelers and those like them from the Bedouins. And success is from Allah, and may Allah send prayers and blessings upon our Prophet Muhammad and his family and his Companions.
Source
www.alifta.gov.sa
The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.