The Refutation of Those Who Claim That 'Isa Is the Son of Allah
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The first question of Fatwa No. ( 9087 ):
Q1: The church cites verses from the Noble Qur'an to claim that 'Isa (peace be upon him) is the son of Allah, and their evidence for this is that they say: When Allah was alone, the Exalted said: , using the singular form, and when 'Isa (peace be upon him) was created, the style of some verses changed to the plural form, and they gave as an example the noble verse: [Al-Hijr 15:9] , and: [Qaf 50:43]
And they say: Allah the Exalted spoke in the plural form, meaning (Allah and 'Isa (peace be upon him) and the Holy Spirit). We had the honor of visiting His Eminence Shaykh 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Uwayn and His Eminence Shaykh 'Ali ibn Fahd ibn Ghaith during this period, and they kindly referred us in writing to your Eminence?
A1: There is no proof in the variation of the Qur'anic style, and in Allah the Exalted informing about Himself sometimes in the singular and sometimes in a form that is occasionally used for the plural and occasionally for the singular for the sake of magnification, that 'Isa (peace be upon him) is the son of Allah, nor that he is divine. This is for several reasons: The first reason: The variation in style in the Qur'an between plural and singular existed before Allah the Exalted created His servant 'Isa (peace be upon him) and his mother Maryam by thousands of years, and when He created them, and after He created them. So their existence has no effect on the variation in style. Rather, it is for another matter that becomes clear from what follows. Allah the Exalted said:[Al-Hijr 15:26-27], and He said: [Al-Kahf 18:50]
, so the style was varied before 'Isa and his mother (peace be upon them) existed. And the Exalted said:, until He said: [Al-Ma'idah 5:44-45] until He said: [Al-Ma'idah 5:46], until He said: [Al-Ma'idah 5:48], and He said: [Nuh 71:1], and He said regarding His friend Ibrahim (peace be upon him): [Maryam 19:49-50], and He said regarding His speaker Musa (peace be upon him): [Maryam 19:52-53], and He said: [An-Nisa 4:163] the verse, and He said: [Al-Anbya 21:91]
, and He said:[Al-Ma'idah 5:110] the verses, and similar verses show variation in style between singular and plural in the creation of 'Isa and addressing him, and before his creation. From this, it becomes clear that the style did not change after the creation of 'Isa (peace be upon him) to be a proof of his sonship to Allah or his divinity with Him, but for another matter that is known from the second reason. The second reason: Anyone who knows the Arabic language and their style of expression knows that the first-person pronoun, like the word (I), and the first-person suffix, is used by a single person when speaking about himself. As for the first-person plural pronoun, (We) and (us), it is used by two or more people, and it may be used by a single great person or one who magnifies himself to indicate his greatness. The context of the speech, the requirements of the situation, and the circumstances surrounding the discourse are what guide the reader and listener to the intended meaning and clarify the purpose. Whoever opposes this is either ignorant, having been kept from the news, or a stubborn one who wants to confuse and distort words from their places, following desire. And Allah refuses but to make truth prevail with His words, even if the criminals hate it. And the third reason reveals this. The third reason: The Qur'an is a book whose verses are perfected, then detailed from
the side of a Wise and Knowing One. No falsehood comes to it from before or behind it. It is a revelation from a Wise and Praiseworthy One. It explains some of itself with some of itself, and some of itself confirms some of itself. And the Exalted said about it:[Maryam 19:88-93], and He said: [Al-Ikhlas 112:1-4], and He said: [Ali 'Imran 3:59]. So it is obligatory for whoever believes in it to combine its verses, and it is incumbent upon whoever argues with its texts to be fair to itself, not to argue with some of it and turn away from some of it, and not to mix truth with falsehood to strike some of it with some of it in tyranny and aggression, promoting falsehood, as their predecessors the Jews did with the Torah. So Allah refuted them by saying: [Al-Baqarah 2:85] the verses.
And on this basis, it is incumbent upon whoever takes the path of the Qur'an to argue with it to deny the sonship of 'Isa (peace be upon him) to Allah and his divinity with Allah, and to affirm the oneness of Allah the Exalted, due to the verses mentioned, and due to His saying, the Exalted:[Al-Ma'idah 5:72-73] the verses. And similar to that in the Qur'an is much. Otherwise, let them refrain from this play, so that disgrace does not become incumbent upon them, and so that the people of intellect do not laugh at themselves, and so that the proverb becomes true for them: (This is not your basket, so get in). And success is from Allah, and may Allah send prayers and blessings upon our Prophet Muhammad, his family, and his companions.
Q1: The church cites verses from the Noble Qur'an to claim that 'Isa (peace be upon him) is the son of Allah, and their evidence for this is that they say: When Allah was alone, the Exalted said:
Indeed, I am Allah, there is no god but I
إِنَّنِي أَنَا اللَّهُ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلا أَنَاIndeed, it is We who sent down the Qur'an
إِنَّا نَحْنُ نَـزَّلْنَا الذِّكْرَIndeed, it is We who give life and cause death
إِنَّا نَحْنُ نُحْيِي وَنُمِيتُAnd they say: Allah the Exalted spoke in the plural form, meaning (Allah and 'Isa (peace be upon him) and the Holy Spirit). We had the honor of visiting His Eminence Shaykh 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Uwayn and His Eminence Shaykh 'Ali ibn Fahd ibn Ghaith during this period, and they kindly referred us in writing to your Eminence?
A1: There is no proof in the variation of the Qur'anic style, and in Allah the Exalted informing about Himself sometimes in the singular and sometimes in a form that is occasionally used for the plural and occasionally for the singular for the sake of magnification, that 'Isa (peace be upon him) is the son of Allah, nor that he is divine. This is for several reasons: The first reason: The variation in style in the Qur'an between plural and singular existed before Allah the Exalted created His servant 'Isa (peace be upon him) and his mother Maryam by thousands of years, and when He created them, and after He created them. So their existence has no effect on the variation in style. Rather, it is for another matter that becomes clear from what follows. Allah the Exalted said:
(26) And We did certainly create man out of clay from an altered black mud. (27) And the jinn We created before from scorching fire.
وَلَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الْإِنْسَانَ مِنْ صَلْصَالٍ مِنْ حَمَإٍ مَسْنُونٍ (26) وَالْجَانَّ خَلَقْنَاهُ مِنْ قَبْلُ مِنْ نَارِ السَّمُومِAnd [mention] when We said to the angels, "Prostrate to Adam," and they prostrated, except for Iblees. He was of the jinn and departed from the command of his Lord. Then will you take him and his descendants as allies other than Me while they are enemies to you?
وَإِذْ قُلْنَا لِلْمَلائِكَةِ اسْجُدُوا لآدَمَ فَسَجَدُوا إِلا إِبْلِيسَ كَانَ مِنَ الْجِنِّ فَفَسَقَ عَنْ أَمْرِ رَبِّهِ أَفَتَتَّخِذُونَهُ وَذُرِّيَّتَهُ أَوْلِيَاءَ مِنْ دُونِي وَهُمْ لَكُمْ عَدُوٌّ, so the style was varied before 'Isa and his mother (peace be upon them) existed. And the Exalted said:
Indeed, We sent down the Torah in it is guidance and light
إِنَّا أَنْـزَلْنَا التَّوْرَاةَ فِيهَا هُدًى وَنُورٌSo do not fear the people but fear Me, and do not exchange My verses for a small price. And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed - then it is those who are the disbelievers. (45) And We ordained for them therein a life for a life
فَلا تَخْشَوُا النَّاسَ وَاخْشَوْنِ وَلاَ تَشْتَرُوا بِآيَاتِي ثَمَنًا قَلِيلا وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِمَا أَنْـزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْكَافِرُونَ (44) وَكَتَبْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهَا أَنَّ النَّفْسَ بِالنَّفْسِAnd We sent, following in their footsteps, Jesus, the son of Mary, confirming that which came before him in the Torah; and We gave him the Gospel
وَقَفَّيْنَا عَلَى آثَارِهِمْ بِعِيسَى ابْنِ مَرْيَمَ مُصَدِّقًا لِمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ مِنَ التَّوْرَاةِ وَآتَيْنَاهُ الإِنْجِيلَAnd We have revealed to you, [O Muhammad], the Book in truth, confirming that which preceded it of the Scripture and as a criterion over it
وَأَنْـزَلْنَا إِلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ بِالْحَقِّ مُصَدِّقًا لِمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ وَمُهَيْمِنًا عَلَيْهِIndeed, We sent Noah to his people
إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَا نُوحًا إِلَى قَوْمِهِ(49) So when he had left them and those they worshipped other than Allah, We gave him Isaac and Jacob, and each [of them] We made a prophet. (50) And We gave them of Our mercy, and we made for them a reputation of high honor.
فَلَمَّا اعْتَزَلَهُمْ وَمَا يَعْبُدُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ وَهَبْنَا لَهُ إِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ وَكُلا جَعَلْنَا نَبِيًّا (49) وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُمْ مِنْ رَحْمَتِنَا وَجَعَلْنَا لَهُمْ لِسَانَ صِدْقٍ عَلِيًّاand brought him near, confiding [to him]. (53) And We gave him out of Our mercy his brother Aaron as a prophet.
وَقَرَّبْنَاهُ نَجِيًّا (52) وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُ مِنْ رَحْمَتِنَا أَخَاهُ هَارُونَ نَبِيًّاIndeed, We have revealed to you, [O Muhammad], as We revealed to Noah and the prophets after him
إِنَّا أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ كَمَا أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَى نُوحٍ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِAnd [mention] the one who guarded her chastity, so We blew into her [garment] through Our angel [Gabriel], and We made her and her son a sign for the worlds.
وَالَّتِي أَحْصَنَتْ فَرْجَهَا فَنَفَخْنَا فِيهَا مِنْ رُوحِنَا وَجَعَلْنَاهَا وَابْنَهَا آيَةً لِلْعَالَمِينَ, and He said:
[The Day] when Allah will say, "O Jesus, Son of Mary, remember My favor upon you and upon your mother
إِذْ قَالَ اللَّهُ يَا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ اذْكُرْ نِعْمَتِي عَلَيْكَ وَعَلَى وَالِدَتِكَthe side of a Wise and Knowing One. No falsehood comes to it from before or behind it. It is a revelation from a Wise and Praiseworthy One. It explains some of itself with some of itself, and some of itself confirms some of itself. And the Exalted said about it:
(88) And they say, "The Most Merciful has taken [for Himself] a son." (89) You have done an atrocious thing. (90) The heavens almost rupture therefrom and the earth splits open and the mountains collapse in devastation (91) That they attribute to the Most Merciful a son. (92) And it is not appropriate for the Most Merciful that He should take a son. (93) There is no one in the heavens and earth but that he comes to the Most Merciful as a servant.
وَقَالُوا اتَّخَذَ الرَّحْمَنُ وَلَدًا (88) لَقَدْ جِئْتُمْ شَيْئًا إِدًّا (89) تَكَادُ السَّمَاوَاتُ يَتَفَطَّرْنَ مِنْهُ وَتَنْشَقُّ الأَرْضُ وَتَخِرُّ الْجِبَالُ هَدًّا (90) أَنْ دَعَوْا لِلرَّحْمَنِ وَلَدًا (91) وَمَا يَنْبَغِي لِلرَّحْمَنِ أَنْ يَتَّخِذَ وَلَدًا (92) إِنْ كُلُّ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأَرْضِ إِلا آتِي الرَّحْمَنِ عَبْدًا(1) Say, "He is Allah, [who is] One, (2) Allah, the Eternal Refuge. (3) He neither begets nor is born, (4) Nor is there to Him any equivalent."
قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ (1) اللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ (2) لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ (3) وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌIndeed, the example of Jesus to Allah is like that of Adam. He created Him from dust; then He said to him, "Be," and he was.
إِنَّ مَثَلَ عِيسَى عِنْدَ اللَّهِ كَمَثَلِ آدَمَ خَلَقَهُ مِنْ تُرَابٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ كُنْ فَيَكُونُSo do you believe in part of the Scripture and disbelieve in part? Then what is the recompense for those who do that among you except disgrace in worldly life; and on the Day of Resurrection they will be sent back to the severest of punishment. And Allah is not unaware of what you do.
أَفَتُؤْمِنُونَ بِبَعْضِ الْكِتَابِ وَتَكْفُرُونَ بِبَعْضٍ فَمَا جَزَاءُ مَنْ يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ مِنْكُمْ إِلا خِزْيٌ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَيَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يُرَدُّونَ إِلَى أَشَدِّ الْعَذَابِ وَمَا اللَّهُ بِغَافِلٍ عَمَّا تَعْمَلُونَAnd on this basis, it is incumbent upon whoever takes the path of the Qur'an to argue with it to deny the sonship of 'Isa (peace be upon him) to Allah and his divinity with Allah, and to affirm the oneness of Allah the Exalted, due to the verses mentioned, and due to His saying, the Exalted:
(72) They have certainly disbelieved who say, "Allah is the Messiah, the son of Mary" while the Messiah has said, "O Children of Israel, worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord." Indeed, he who associates others with Allah - Allah has forbidden him Paradise, and his refuge is the Fire. And there are not for the wrongdoers any helpers. (73) They have certainly disbelieved who say, "Allah is the third of three.
لَقَدْ كَفَرَ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْمَسِيحُ ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ وَقَالَ الْمَسِيحُ يَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ رَبِّي وَرَبَّكُمْ إِنَّهُ مَنْ يُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ فَقَدْ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةَ وَمَأْوَاهُ النَّارُ وَمَا لِلظَّالِمِينَ مِنْ أَنْصَارٍ (72) لَقَدْ كَفَرَ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ ثَالِثُ ثَلاثَةٍ
Source
www.alifta.gov.sa
The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.