The Muslim prays according to his condition
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Question: I went to one of the European countries, and the weather at that time was extremely cold. Because I had not obtained a visa to enter that country, I was detained at the airport by the authorities of that country for six days. However, during those six days, I did not pray due to the cold weather, the extreme cold of the water, and the unavailability of pure dust. I remained there until I returned to my country, and then I made up all the prayers I had missed during those days. Is there any sin on me for this action, and if I am required to do something, what should I do? Please inform us, may Allah reward you.
Answer: You made a mistake in leaving the prayers during the period you mentioned, because it is not permissible for a Muslim to leave the prayer. However, he prays according to his condition. If you are able to perform wudu with water, it is obligatory for you to do so. If you are unable to perform wudu with water because it is unavailable, or because of the extreme, unbearable cold you mentioned, and you have nothing to warm it with, then it is obligatory for you to perform tayammum with dust and pray. If you do not have dust, then you pray according to your condition, even without water and without dust. However, the surface for tayammum is not limited to dust; if you have a wall with pure dust on it, or a mat with pure dust on it, or for example tiles with pure dust on it, and you strike it and perform tayammum, that suffices you. Dust is not specifically required for tayammum; rather, what is required is the presence of pure dust, whether it is on dust, stone, a wall, a mat, or otherwise. And Allah knows best.
Since you have made up the prayers you left, we hope that Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, will forgive you and accept from you.
Answer: You made a mistake in leaving the prayers during the period you mentioned, because it is not permissible for a Muslim to leave the prayer. However, he prays according to his condition. If you are able to perform wudu with water, it is obligatory for you to do so. If you are unable to perform wudu with water because it is unavailable, or because of the extreme, unbearable cold you mentioned, and you have nothing to warm it with, then it is obligatory for you to perform tayammum with dust and pray. If you do not have dust, then you pray according to your condition, even without water and without dust. However, the surface for tayammum is not limited to dust; if you have a wall with pure dust on it, or a mat with pure dust on it, or for example tiles with pure dust on it, and you strike it and perform tayammum, that suffices you. Dust is not specifically required for tayammum; rather, what is required is the presence of pure dust, whether it is on dust, stone, a wall, a mat, or otherwise. And Allah knows best.
Since you have made up the prayers you left, we hope that Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, will forgive you and accept from you.