Explaining that it is obligatory for the Muslim to pray according to his condition
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Q95: The questioner says: I went to one of the European countries, and the weather at that time was extremely cold. I stayed at the airport for six days in order to obtain a visa to enter that country. I did not pray because of the coldness of the water and the unavailability of a pure surface for tayammum. I remained there until I returned to my country, and then I made up all the prayers I had missed during that period. Is there any sin on me for this action, and what was it obligatory for me to do? Please inform us, may Allah guide you.
A95: You erred in leaving the prayers, and it is not permissible for a Muslim to leave the prayer. However, he prays according to his condition. If you are able to perform wudu with water, it is obligatory for you. If you are unable to perform wudu with water due to the extreme, unbearable cold you mentioned, and you do not have anything with which to perform tayammum, then it may be obligatory for you to perform tayammum with dust and pray. If you do not have dust, then you pray according to your condition.[An-Nisa 4:43][At-Taghabun 64:16] If he does not have water or dust, he prays in his condition, without water and without dust. Tayammum is not restricted to dust. If he does not find dust but finds a wall, he performs tayammum from it, or if he finds a mat with pure dust on it, or tiles with pure dust on them, it suffices for you to perform tayammum on them. Dust is not specified for tayammum; rather, what is required is pure dust, whether it is from soil, or on a stone or wall, or on a mat or otherwise. And Allah knows best. Since you have made up the prayers you left, we hope that Allah, the Exalted and Sublime, will forgive you and accept from you. But in the future, the Muslim prays the five prayers according to his condition. And Allah the Exalted knows best.
A95: You erred in leaving the prayers, and it is not permissible for a Muslim to leave the prayer. However, he prays according to his condition. If you are able to perform wudu with water, it is obligatory for you. If you are unable to perform wudu with water due to the extreme, unbearable cold you mentioned, and you do not have anything with which to perform tayammum, then it may be obligatory for you to perform tayammum with dust and pray. If you do not have dust, then you pray according to your condition.
and find no water, then seek clean earth
فَلَمْ تَجِدُوا مَاءً فَتَيَمَّمُوا صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًاSo fear Allah as much as you are able
فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ
Source
www.alifta.gov.sa
The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.