Types of Voluntary Prayers and the Ruling on Making Them Up
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If a woman is menstruating when Ashura arrives, does she have to make up the fast? And is there a general rule for which voluntary acts are made up and which are not? May Allah reward you with good.
Voluntary acts are of two types: There is a type that has a specific cause, and a type that has no cause. The one that has a cause is lost when the cause passes, and it is not made up.An example of that is: The greeting of the mosque, for example: if a man comes in and sits down, and his sitting becomes prolonged, and then he wants to perform the greeting of the mosque, it is not a greeting of the mosque; because it is a prayer with a cause, tied to a cause. So if the cause passes, the prescription passes. Similarly, as it appears to me, are the Day of 'Arafah and the Day of Ashura. If a person delays fasting the Day of 'Arafah and the Day of Ashura without an excuse, there is no doubt that he does not make it up, and he does not benefit from it even if he does make it up.Meaning: He does not benefit from it as the Day of 'Arafah or the Day of Ashura.
As for when a person is excused, such as a menstruating woman, a woman with post-natal bleeding, or a sick person, the apparent ruling is also that he does not make it up; because this is specific to a certain day, and its ruling passes when that day passes.
Voluntary acts are of two types: There is a type that has a specific cause, and a type that has no cause. The one that has a cause is lost when the cause passes, and it is not made up.An example of that is: The greeting of the mosque, for example: if a man comes in and sits down, and his sitting becomes prolonged, and then he wants to perform the greeting of the mosque, it is not a greeting of the mosque; because it is a prayer with a cause, tied to a cause. So if the cause passes, the prescription passes. Similarly, as it appears to me, are the Day of 'Arafah and the Day of Ashura. If a person delays fasting the Day of 'Arafah and the Day of Ashura without an excuse, there is no doubt that he does not make it up, and he does not benefit from it even if he does make it up.Meaning: He does not benefit from it as the Day of 'Arafah or the Day of Ashura.
As for when a person is excused, such as a menstruating woman, a woman with post-natal bleeding, or a sick person, the apparent ruling is also that he does not make it up; because this is specific to a certain day, and its ruling passes when that day passes.