Types of Prohibitions in Ihram
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and may Allah send prayers and blessings upon our Prophet Muhammad, and upon his family and his Companions, and upon those who follow them with excellence until the Day of Judgment.
To proceed: This is the ninety-first of the weekly meetings held every Thursday, and this day is the twenty-seventh of Dhul-Qa'dah in the year 1415 AH.
The discussion in this meeting will be on the prohibitions of ihram,And the prohibitions of ihram: which are the things that become forbidden because of ihram, because every act of worship has its prohibitions. For example, in prayer, speech is forbidden; in fasting, eating and drinking are forbidden; Hajj has its prohibitions—Meaning: prohibitions due to it—so the prohibitions of ihram are the things forbidden because of ihram.
So we begin first with the remembrance of Allah (Mighty and Majestic): [al-Baqarah: 197] These are three things, all of which are to be avoided in Hajj, but the first is specific to Hajj among some acts of worship, while the second and third are general. Fisq (open sinfulness) is always prohibited, but it is more emphasized in Hajj. Jidal (contention), which means arguing to prevail or overpower, is prohibited at all times and in all circumstances. So what is rafath? Rafath is sexual intercourse; this is the primary meaning.As Allah the Exalted said: [al-Baqarah: 187] Meaning: there is no sexual intercourse in Hajj. Sexual intercourse is the greatest of the prohibitions of ihram. If a person has sexual intercourse before the first tahallul (exiting the state of ihram) in Hajj, five things result from his intercourse: The first is sin.
The second: The invalidation of the ritual.
The third: The obligation to complete it.
The fourth: The obligation to make it up in the following year.
The fifth: A camel (badanah) to be slaughtered, with all of it given in charity to the poor.
This is what results from sexual intercourse before the first tahallul.
And what is related to this prohibition? Related to it are direct physical contact for desire, looking with desire, contracting the marriage, and proposing for marriage. All of these are related to it because they are preliminaries to sexual intercourse. For this reason, it is forbidden for the person in ihram to have direct physical contact with his wife for desire, whether by kissing or otherwise. It is also forbidden for him to repeat looking with desire. It is also forbidden for him to contract a marriage; the person in ihram does not marry, is not given in marriage, and does not propose. It is also forbidden for him to propose—Meaning: to propose to a woman—while he is in ihram;Because the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: (The person in ihram does not marry, is not given in marriage, and does not propose).
And among the prohibitions of ihram that are in the Qur'an: Shaving the hair of the head;By the saying of Allah (Blessed and Exalted is He): [al-Baqarah: 196] It is not permissible for the person in ihram to shave his head until he exits the state of ihram. The scholars, may Allah have mercy on them, included with the hair of the head the hair of the rest of the body, such as the mustache, the pubic hair, and the armpits.And some added: The nails,They said: It is not permissible for the person in ihram to trim his nails.
So we now return to look at what has been enumerated among the prohibitions: Sexual intercourse, direct physical contact for desire, looking with desire, especially if repeated,The fifth: Contracting the marriage,The sixth: Proposing,And the seventh: Shaving the hair of the head, and the hair of the rest of the body is included with it.
And the eighth: Trimming the nails.
These are found in the Qur'an explicitly regarding sexual intercourse and shaving the hair of the head, and by analogy with what is explicitly stated, or by analogy, or because they are preliminaries to this prohibition which is explicitly stated.
And among the prohibitions of ihram: Killing game, which is explicitly stated in the Qur'an;By the saying of Allah (Blessed and Exalted is He): [al-Ma'idah: 95] Meaning: you are in a state of ihram.
And among the prohibitions of ihram as well: What the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) specified when he was asked: What does the person in ihram wear?He said: (He does not wear the shirt, the trousers, the turban, the hooded cloak, or the leather socks) These are five things that are not worn.
The shirt: This is the vest we wear as our clothing now,And as for the trousers, they are also well known: What is worn instead of the lower garment (izar),And as for the turbans: So it is what is wrapped around the head,And as for the head coverings: So it is loose, baggy clothing, as they say, with a cover for the head attached to it. Most of those who wear it are the Maghrebis. As for the leather socks (khuffayn), they are (the knadr). These are the five things the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) explicitly stated that the person in ihram does not wear.
Is anything else included with them?We say: Yes, what is similar to them or more so is included with them. For example, the shirt includes the sleeveless undershirt (fanilah kut), and the trousers include the short trousers (khamin): which are known as thigh-length trousers. As for the turban, the ghutrah and the taqiyah (cap) are included with it because they are clothing for the head like the turban. As for the hooded cloak, the masharif (shawl) is included with it because it is the closest to it. And regarding these five things the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) said: (He does not wear). Based on this: if a person wraps himself in a shirt without wearing it, there is no harm; because he did not wear it. And if he sews an izar with stitching, there is no harm; because it does not exceed being an izar even if it is sewn.
And it remains for us to ask: Does he wear socks?Meaning: the socks
No, because they are the equivalent of leather socks. Does he wear a wristwatch?Answer: Yes;Because when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: He does not wear such-and-such. From this we know that he wears everything else.
Good! Does he wear eyeglasses? Yes; because they are not included in what the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) explicitly stated, and they are not in what was prohibited.
Does he wear an earpiece? Yes.
Does he wear a ring? Yes.
Does he wear a belt? Yes. The important thing is that he wears everything except what is mentioned in the hadith or what is equivalent to it in meaning.
And among the prohibitions of ihram: Perfume,And the evidence that it is among the prohibitions of ihram: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said regarding the man whose camel gored him at 'Arafah: (Wash him with water and suds, and do not cover his head and do not embalm him, for he will be raised on the Day of Resurrection while calling out the talbiyah). And hanut (embalming) is the perfume placed in the dead body. This indicates that all types of perfume are not permissible for the person in ihram.And he (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: (Do not wear a garment touched by saffron or warsh). Based on this, it is forbidden for the person in ihram to use perfume on his body, to use perfume on his ihram garments, and also to use perfume on his bed, so he does not sleep on a bed that has perfume in it. And also using perfume in his food and drink, so he does not drink coffee containing saffron as long as its scent is present.
And also included is using perfume in washing him, as some soap contains perfume that appears on the person when he washes with it, so this is not used. As for perfume that has only a refreshing pleasant scent but is not perfume, there is no harm in that.For this reason, we say to the one in ihram: You may eat berries, mint, and the like, even though they have a strong pleasant scent.
And among the prohibitions of ihram: Covering the head with any covering;By the saying of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him): (Do not cover his head) Meaning: do not cover it, whether with a handkerchief, a ghutrah, a taqiyah, or otherwise.But the scholars (may Allah have mercy on them) said: It is permissible for the person in ihram to carry his luggage on his head, because this is not customary for covering. It is permissible to take shade under a tent,And likewise, according to the stronger position: It is permissible to take shade under an umbrella, a car with a roof, and the like, because this is not covering but taking shade. What is forbidden is covering the head.
And among the prohibitions of ihram: Wearing gloves for the man and the woman. So the woman does not wear gloves, and neither does the man. And she does not wear the niqab,Meaning: She does not wear a niqab on her face. But if there are men around her who are not her mahrams, she must cover her face; because it is not permissible for a woman to uncover her face to non-mahrams or to her husband.
To proceed: This is the ninety-first of the weekly meetings held every Thursday, and this day is the twenty-seventh of Dhul-Qa'dah in the year 1415 AH.
The discussion in this meeting will be on the prohibitions of ihram,And the prohibitions of ihram: which are the things that become forbidden because of ihram, because every act of worship has its prohibitions. For example, in prayer, speech is forbidden; in fasting, eating and drinking are forbidden; Hajj has its prohibitions—Meaning: prohibitions due to it—so the prohibitions of ihram are the things forbidden because of ihram.
So we begin first with the remembrance of Allah (Mighty and Majestic):
so whoever has made Hajj obligatory upon himself therein [by entering the state of ihram], there is [to be for him] no sexual relations and no disobedience and no disputing during Hajj
فَمَنْ فَرَضَ فِيهِنَّ الْحَجَّ فَلا رَفَثَ وَلا فُسُوقَ وَلا جِدَالَ فِي الْحَجِّIt has been made permissible for you the night preceding fasting to go to your wives
أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيَامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلَى نِسَائِكُمْThe second: The invalidation of the ritual.
The third: The obligation to complete it.
The fourth: The obligation to make it up in the following year.
The fifth: A camel (badanah) to be slaughtered, with all of it given in charity to the poor.
This is what results from sexual intercourse before the first tahallul.
And what is related to this prohibition? Related to it are direct physical contact for desire, looking with desire, contracting the marriage, and proposing for marriage. All of these are related to it because they are preliminaries to sexual intercourse. For this reason, it is forbidden for the person in ihram to have direct physical contact with his wife for desire, whether by kissing or otherwise. It is also forbidden for him to repeat looking with desire. It is also forbidden for him to contract a marriage; the person in ihram does not marry, is not given in marriage, and does not propose. It is also forbidden for him to propose—Meaning: to propose to a woman—while he is in ihram;Because the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: (The person in ihram does not marry, is not given in marriage, and does not propose).
And among the prohibitions of ihram that are in the Qur'an: Shaving the hair of the head;By the saying of Allah (Blessed and Exalted is He):
And do not shave your heads until the sacrificial animal has reached its place of slaughter
وَلا تَحْلِقُوا رُؤُوسَكُمْ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْهَدْيُ مَحِلَّهُSo we now return to look at what has been enumerated among the prohibitions: Sexual intercourse, direct physical contact for desire, looking with desire, especially if repeated,The fifth: Contracting the marriage,The sixth: Proposing,And the seventh: Shaving the hair of the head, and the hair of the rest of the body is included with it.
And the eighth: Trimming the nails.
These are found in the Qur'an explicitly regarding sexual intercourse and shaving the hair of the head, and by analogy with what is explicitly stated, or by analogy, or because they are preliminaries to this prohibition which is explicitly stated.
And among the prohibitions of ihram: Killing game, which is explicitly stated in the Qur'an;By the saying of Allah (Blessed and Exalted is He):
O you who have believed, do not kill game while you are in the state of ihram.
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لا تَقْتُلُوا الصَّيْدَ وَأَنْتُمْ حُرُمٌAnd among the prohibitions of ihram as well: What the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) specified when he was asked: What does the person in ihram wear?He said: (He does not wear the shirt, the trousers, the turban, the hooded cloak, or the leather socks) These are five things that are not worn.
The shirt: This is the vest we wear as our clothing now,And as for the trousers, they are also well known: What is worn instead of the lower garment (izar),And as for the turbans: So it is what is wrapped around the head,And as for the head coverings: So it is loose, baggy clothing, as they say, with a cover for the head attached to it. Most of those who wear it are the Maghrebis. As for the leather socks (khuffayn), they are (the knadr). These are the five things the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) explicitly stated that the person in ihram does not wear.
Is anything else included with them?We say: Yes, what is similar to them or more so is included with them. For example, the shirt includes the sleeveless undershirt (fanilah kut), and the trousers include the short trousers (khamin): which are known as thigh-length trousers. As for the turban, the ghutrah and the taqiyah (cap) are included with it because they are clothing for the head like the turban. As for the hooded cloak, the masharif (shawl) is included with it because it is the closest to it. And regarding these five things the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) said: (He does not wear). Based on this: if a person wraps himself in a shirt without wearing it, there is no harm; because he did not wear it. And if he sews an izar with stitching, there is no harm; because it does not exceed being an izar even if it is sewn.
And it remains for us to ask: Does he wear socks?Meaning: the socks
No, because they are the equivalent of leather socks. Does he wear a wristwatch?Answer: Yes;Because when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: He does not wear such-and-such. From this we know that he wears everything else.
Good! Does he wear eyeglasses? Yes; because they are not included in what the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) explicitly stated, and they are not in what was prohibited.
Does he wear an earpiece? Yes.
Does he wear a ring? Yes.
Does he wear a belt? Yes. The important thing is that he wears everything except what is mentioned in the hadith or what is equivalent to it in meaning.
And among the prohibitions of ihram: Perfume,And the evidence that it is among the prohibitions of ihram: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said regarding the man whose camel gored him at 'Arafah: (Wash him with water and suds, and do not cover his head and do not embalm him, for he will be raised on the Day of Resurrection while calling out the talbiyah). And hanut (embalming) is the perfume placed in the dead body. This indicates that all types of perfume are not permissible for the person in ihram.And he (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: (Do not wear a garment touched by saffron or warsh). Based on this, it is forbidden for the person in ihram to use perfume on his body, to use perfume on his ihram garments, and also to use perfume on his bed, so he does not sleep on a bed that has perfume in it. And also using perfume in his food and drink, so he does not drink coffee containing saffron as long as its scent is present.
And also included is using perfume in washing him, as some soap contains perfume that appears on the person when he washes with it, so this is not used. As for perfume that has only a refreshing pleasant scent but is not perfume, there is no harm in that.For this reason, we say to the one in ihram: You may eat berries, mint, and the like, even though they have a strong pleasant scent.
And among the prohibitions of ihram: Covering the head with any covering;By the saying of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him): (Do not cover his head) Meaning: do not cover it, whether with a handkerchief, a ghutrah, a taqiyah, or otherwise.But the scholars (may Allah have mercy on them) said: It is permissible for the person in ihram to carry his luggage on his head, because this is not customary for covering. It is permissible to take shade under a tent,And likewise, according to the stronger position: It is permissible to take shade under an umbrella, a car with a roof, and the like, because this is not covering but taking shade. What is forbidden is covering the head.
And among the prohibitions of ihram: Wearing gloves for the man and the woman. So the woman does not wear gloves, and neither does the man. And she does not wear the niqab,Meaning: She does not wear a niqab on her face. But if there are men around her who are not her mahrams, she must cover her face; because it is not permissible for a woman to uncover her face to non-mahrams or to her husband.