The States of People Regarding the Prohibitions of Ihram
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If a person commits a prohibited act while in ihram without knowing that it is prohibited, thinking that there is no harm in it,For example: such as covering his head; he thinks that if he fears the heat, it is permissible for him to cover his head, then he owes nothing; there is no sin on him and no expiation.
Likewise, if he forgets and covers his head, or applies perfume while forgetting, there is no sin on him and no expiation,because of the saying of Allah the Exalted: [al-Baqarah:286] So Allah said: (You have done it) .
And if he does this intentionally but is excused; such as a sick man who needs to wear a shirt, so he wears it, there is no sin on him, but he owes the expiation, as the scholars said,And the evidence for this is the saying of Allah the Exalted regarding the head: [al-Baqarah:196] And by this we know that the one who commits the prohibitions is divided into three categories: The first category: that he does them out of his need for them, so there is no sin on him, but he owes the expiation, or the kaffarah.
The second category: That he does them while forgetting, or being ignorant, or being coerced, so there is nothing on him, no sin and no expiation, but when his excuse is removed, it is obligatory for him to abandon the prohibited act; if he was forgetting, then when he remembers, it is obligatory for him to abandon the prohibited act, and if he was ignorant, then when he learns, it is obligatory for him to abandon the prohibited act.
The third category: That he does them not out of need, nor out of an excuse of ignorance, forgetting, or coercion, so he is sinful and owes the expiation in cases where the expiation is obligatory.
And we limit ourselves to this regarding the prohibitions of ihram.
Likewise, if he forgets and covers his head, or applies perfume while forgetting, there is no sin on him and no expiation,because of the saying of Allah the Exalted:
Our Lord, do not impose blame upon us if we have forgotten or erred.
رَبَّنَا لا تُؤَاخِذْنَا إِنْ نَسِينَا أَوْ أَخْطَأْنَاAnd if he does this intentionally but is excused; such as a sick man who needs to wear a shirt, so he wears it, there is no sin on him, but he owes the expiation, as the scholars said,And the evidence for this is the saying of Allah the Exalted regarding the head:
And do not shave your heads until the sacrificial animal has reached its place of slaughter. And whoever among you is ill or has an ailment of the head [making shaving necessary must offer] a ransom of fasting [three days] or charity or sacrifice.
وَلا تَحْلِقُوا رُؤُوسَكُمْ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْهَدْيُ مَحِلَّهُ فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضاً أَوْ بِهِ أَذىً مِنْ رَأْسِهِ فَفِدْيَةٌ مِنْ صِيَامٍ أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ أَوْ نُسُكٍThe second category: That he does them while forgetting, or being ignorant, or being coerced, so there is nothing on him, no sin and no expiation, but when his excuse is removed, it is obligatory for him to abandon the prohibited act; if he was forgetting, then when he remembers, it is obligatory for him to abandon the prohibited act, and if he was ignorant, then when he learns, it is obligatory for him to abandon the prohibited act.
The third category: That he does them not out of need, nor out of an excuse of ignorance, forgetting, or coercion, so he is sinful and owes the expiation in cases where the expiation is obligatory.
And we limit ourselves to this regarding the prohibitions of ihram.