The Description of the Prophet’s (peace and blessings be upon him) Hajj
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Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and may Allah send prayers and blessings upon our Prophet Muhammad, and upon his family and his Companions, and those who follow them with excellence until the Day of Judgment.
To proceed: This is the fifty-second meeting after the hundredth of the Open Door meetings, which take place every Thursday, and this Thursday is the eighteenth of Dhul-Qa'dah in the year 1417 AH.
Since we are on the threshold of Hajj, we will speak about Hajj instead of tafsir.
So we say, and success is from Allah: First: The status of Hajj in the Islamic religion is that it is one of the five pillars of Islam.By the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): (Islam is built upon five: testifying that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, establishing the prayer, giving zakah, fasting Ramadan, and performing Hajj to the House of Allah the Sacred).
It is obligatory by the consensus of the Muslims, and whoever denies its obligation, if he is one who lives among the Muslims, becomes a disbeliever; because its obligation is known by necessity from the religion of Islam. And whoever leaves it out of negligence is in danger.Because some of the scholars said: If he leaves Hajj out of negligence, he becomes a disbeliever.because of the saying of Allah the Exalted: [Al-Imran: 97] And on this basis, a person is in danger if he leaves it.
Allah the Exalted made Hajj obligatory in the ninth year of the Hijrah, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) performed Hajj in the tenth year of the Hijrah. He set out from Madinah on the twenty-fifth of Dhul-Qa'dah and arrived in Makkah on the morning of Sunday, the fourth of Dhul-Hijjah. He had the sacrificial animals with him, and he entered the state of ihram combining Hajj and 'Umrah.Meaning: Combining both Hajj and 'Umrah.He said: "Labbaik, Hajj and 'Umrah."
As for the Muslims with him, they divided into three groups: 1-Among them: Those who had brought the sacrificial animals entered the state of ihram combining Hajj and 'Umrah, like the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).
٢-And among them: Those who did not bring the sacrificial animals performed Hajj alone.
٣-And among them: Those who performed Tamattu'.
So they became three groups: Some of them entered the state of ihram for 'Umrah, intending to combine it with Hajj; some entered the state of ihram for Hajj; and some entered the state of ihram for 'Umrah and then for Hajj.
The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) arrived at the House and began with tawaf. He performed seven circuits, starting with the Black Stone. In this tawaf, he ran three circuits.Meaning: He hastened his walking, and he walked four circuits. In this tawaf, he exposed his right shoulder by tucking the middle of his cloak under his right armpit and placing its ends on his left shoulder, from the beginning of the tawaf to its end.
Then he moved forward after the tawaf to the Station of Ibrahim and recited: [Al-Baqarah: 125] and he prayed two rak'ahs, reciting in the first rak'ah, and [Al-Ikhlas 112:1] in the second, along with al-Fatihah.
Then he returned to the Black Stone and touched it, then he went out to al-Safa.When he approached al-Safa, he recited: [Al-Baqarah: 158] (I will begin with what Allah began with) So he ascended al-Safa until he saw the Ka'bah, then he raised his hands, supplicating, saying takbir, and saying tahlil.And his dhikr in this place was that he said: (There is no god but Allah alone, with no partner. His is the dominion and His is the praise, and He is over all things competent. There is no god but Allah alone, He fulfilled His promise, and He gave victory to His servant, and He defeated the confederates alone) Then he supplicated, then he repeated the dhikr a second time, then he supplicated, then he repeated the dhikr a third time, then he descended heading toward al-Marwah.
On his way, he passed by the valley where the flood flows, and he was descending. When his feet reached the bottom of the valley, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ran.Meaning: He ran with a vigorous run until he ascended, then he walked to al-Marwah. The valley does not exist now because the floods were diverted to the right and left, but a marker of it remains, which is the green pole from the beginning of the valley's pillars to its end. He ascended al-Marwah, faced the qiblah, and said what he had said on al-Safa, until he completed seven circuits, starting with al-Safa and ending with al-Marwah. So his first start was from al-Safa and his last circuit was on al-Marwah.
Then he ordered his companions who had not brought the sacrificial animals to make their ritual 'Umrah, and to cut their hair and exit their state of ihram completely, even the women. Then he left Makkah and stayed at al-Abtah outside Makkah until the eighth of Dhul-Hijjah. Then he went out to Mina and entered the state of ihram from his 'Umrah at his location. Then he headed to Mina on the morning of the eighth and stayed there. He prayed Zuhr, 'Asr, Maghrib, 'Isha', and Fajr there, shortening them without combining.
When the sun rose, he set out for 'Arafah and stopped at a place before 'Arafah called Namirah, until the sun passed its zenith. Then he mounted his camel after that—after the sun passed its zenith—and stopped in the bottom of the valley of Harnah. He delivered a great and eloquent sermon to the people, then the adhan was called and the iqamah was called, and he prayed Zuhr. Then the iqamah was called and he prayed 'Asr, combining and shortening. Then he mounted his camel until he reached the standing place that he (peace and blessings be upon him) chose to stand at, among the rocks at Mount 'Arafah, where a flag is now erected. He stood there until the sun set. He was on his camel (peace and blessings be upon him), facing the qiblah, supplicating to Allah the Exalted, imploring Him; because the best supplication is the supplication on the Day of 'Arafah.
When the sun set and its setting was complete, he set out heading to Muzdalifah. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used to order the people to be calm. Whenever he came to a mountain.Meaning: He came to something elevated—he would loosen the reins of his camel so that it would ascend, and whenever he found a gap, he would hasten. During the journey, he stopped to urinate and performed a light wudu. Usamah ibn Zayd, who was riding behind him on his camel, said to him: (The prayer, O Messenger of Allah! He said: The prayer is ahead of you) meaning: in Muzdalifah. He arrived at Muzdalifah after the time of 'Isha' had entered, and he prayed Maghrib and 'Isha' with one adhan and two iqamahs. Then he lay down in his place of lodging until the dawn became clear.
When the dawn became clear, he prayed Fajr with an adhan and an iqamah. It is not mentioned that he prayed witr or the sunnah of Fajr on this night, but it is known from his way (peace and blessings be upon him) that he did not leave witr whether resident or traveling, and likewise he did not leave the two rak'ahs of Fajr whether resident or traveling.And based on this generality, we say: Witr is prescribed on the night of Muzdalifah, and likewise the sunnah of the Fajr prayer.
Then he mounted his camel after praying Fajr until he reached al-Mash'ar al-Haram. He stopped there and supplicated, declared the oneness of Allah, and said takbir until the light of dawn became very clear. He set out before the sun rose, heading to Mina on his mount. He stopped at the Jamarah and ordered Ibn 'Abbas to pick up for him seven pebbles only, which he (may Allah's prayers and peace be upon him) took in his hand.And he used to make them witr and say: (Throw with such pebbles as these, and beware of exaggeration in religion) He threw the Jamarat al-Aqabah with seven pebbles, saying takbir with each pebble.
Then he turned to the place of sacrifice and slaughtered. He had offered a hundred camels, so he slaughtered sixty-three of them with his noble hand, and he gave the rest to 'Ali ibn Abi Talib, who slaughtered them. He (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered him to give in charity their meat and their fodder.Meaning: Even the fodder that had covered their backs, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered that it be given in charity. He ordered that a piece be taken from each camel and put in a pot, and it was cooked. He ate of its meat and drank of its broth.
Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) shaved his head and exited his state of ihram with the first exit. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) then applied perfume and descended to Makkah to perform Tawaf al-Ifadah. He performed seven circuits, and there was no running or exposing the shoulder in it; because running and exposing the shoulder are for those in the first tawaf. He did not perform sa'y between al-Safa and al-Marwah; because he had performed sa'y after Tawaf al-Qudum. The one who combines and the one who performs Hajj alone, if they perform sa'y after Tawaf al-Qudum, they do not repeat the sa'y. He prayed Zuhr in Makkah.
Then he went out to Mina and stayed there on the night of the eleventh. On the eleventh day, after the sun passed its zenith, he went on foot to the Jamarat. He threw the first Jamarah, which is the farthest from Makkah, with seven pebbles, saying takbir with each pebble. Then he moved forward a little and stood facing the qiblah, raising his hands, supplicating to Allah. He supplicated for a long time, then he turned away. Then he headed to the middle Jamarah and threw it with seven pebbles, saying takbir with each pebble. Then he moved forward a little until he stood facing the qiblah, raising his hands to Allah, and he supplicated for a long time. Then he threw the Jamarat al-Aqabah and returned to his lodging.
On the twelfth day, he did what he did on the eleventh day, and on the thirteenth day, he did likewise what he did on the two days before it; because he delayed. His throwing (peace and blessings be upon him) on the three days—the eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth—was after the sun passed its zenith, before he prayed Zuhr. For this reason, when he threw the Jamarat on the thirteenth day after the sun passed its zenith, he descended to Makkah and prayed Zuhr at al-Abtah in al-Mahshaf. He spent that night—the night of the fourteenth—there. At the end of the night, he ordered to depart, so he set out to al-Masjid al-Haram and performed Tawaf al-Wada' around the House, and he prayed Fajr after that. Then he returned to Madinah.
This is the summary of the Hajj of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).We have several points to consider regarding this:
To proceed: This is the fifty-second meeting after the hundredth of the Open Door meetings, which take place every Thursday, and this Thursday is the eighteenth of Dhul-Qa'dah in the year 1417 AH.
Since we are on the threshold of Hajj, we will speak about Hajj instead of tafsir.
So we say, and success is from Allah: First: The status of Hajj in the Islamic religion is that it is one of the five pillars of Islam.By the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): (Islam is built upon five: testifying that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, establishing the prayer, giving zakah, fasting Ramadan, and performing Hajj to the House of Allah the Sacred).
It is obligatory by the consensus of the Muslims, and whoever denies its obligation, if he is one who lives among the Muslims, becomes a disbeliever; because its obligation is known by necessity from the religion of Islam. And whoever leaves it out of negligence is in danger.Because some of the scholars said: If he leaves Hajj out of negligence, he becomes a disbeliever.because of the saying of Allah the Exalted:
And [due] to Allah from the people is a pilgrimage to the House - for whoever is able to find thereto a way. But whoever disbelieves - then indeed, Allah is free from need of the worlds.
وَلِلَّهِ عَلَى النَّاسِ حِجُّ الْبَيْتِ مَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلاً وَمَنْ كَفَرَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَنِيٌّ عَنِ الْعَالَمِينَAllah the Exalted made Hajj obligatory in the ninth year of the Hijrah, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) performed Hajj in the tenth year of the Hijrah. He set out from Madinah on the twenty-fifth of Dhul-Qa'dah and arrived in Makkah on the morning of Sunday, the fourth of Dhul-Hijjah. He had the sacrificial animals with him, and he entered the state of ihram combining Hajj and 'Umrah.Meaning: Combining both Hajj and 'Umrah.He said: "Labbaik, Hajj and 'Umrah."
As for the Muslims with him, they divided into three groups: 1-Among them: Those who had brought the sacrificial animals entered the state of ihram combining Hajj and 'Umrah, like the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).
٢-And among them: Those who did not bring the sacrificial animals performed Hajj alone.
٣-And among them: Those who performed Tamattu'.
So they became three groups: Some of them entered the state of ihram for 'Umrah, intending to combine it with Hajj; some entered the state of ihram for Hajj; and some entered the state of ihram for 'Umrah and then for Hajj.
The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) arrived at the House and began with tawaf. He performed seven circuits, starting with the Black Stone. In this tawaf, he ran three circuits.Meaning: He hastened his walking, and he walked four circuits. In this tawaf, he exposed his right shoulder by tucking the middle of his cloak under his right armpit and placing its ends on his left shoulder, from the beginning of the tawaf to its end.
Then he moved forward after the tawaf to the Station of Ibrahim and recited:
And take, [O believers], from the standing place of Abraham a place of prayer.
وَاتَّخِذُوا مِنْ مَقَامِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ مُصَلّىًSay, O you disbelievers
قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَSay, "He is Allah, [who is] One,
قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌThen he returned to the Black Stone and touched it, then he went out to al-Safa.When he approached al-Safa, he recited:
Indeed, as-Safa and al-Marwah are among the symbols of Allah
إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةَ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِOn his way, he passed by the valley where the flood flows, and he was descending. When his feet reached the bottom of the valley, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ran.Meaning: He ran with a vigorous run until he ascended, then he walked to al-Marwah. The valley does not exist now because the floods were diverted to the right and left, but a marker of it remains, which is the green pole from the beginning of the valley's pillars to its end. He ascended al-Marwah, faced the qiblah, and said what he had said on al-Safa, until he completed seven circuits, starting with al-Safa and ending with al-Marwah. So his first start was from al-Safa and his last circuit was on al-Marwah.
Then he ordered his companions who had not brought the sacrificial animals to make their ritual 'Umrah, and to cut their hair and exit their state of ihram completely, even the women. Then he left Makkah and stayed at al-Abtah outside Makkah until the eighth of Dhul-Hijjah. Then he went out to Mina and entered the state of ihram from his 'Umrah at his location. Then he headed to Mina on the morning of the eighth and stayed there. He prayed Zuhr, 'Asr, Maghrib, 'Isha', and Fajr there, shortening them without combining.
When the sun rose, he set out for 'Arafah and stopped at a place before 'Arafah called Namirah, until the sun passed its zenith. Then he mounted his camel after that—after the sun passed its zenith—and stopped in the bottom of the valley of Harnah. He delivered a great and eloquent sermon to the people, then the adhan was called and the iqamah was called, and he prayed Zuhr. Then the iqamah was called and he prayed 'Asr, combining and shortening. Then he mounted his camel until he reached the standing place that he (peace and blessings be upon him) chose to stand at, among the rocks at Mount 'Arafah, where a flag is now erected. He stood there until the sun set. He was on his camel (peace and blessings be upon him), facing the qiblah, supplicating to Allah the Exalted, imploring Him; because the best supplication is the supplication on the Day of 'Arafah.
When the sun set and its setting was complete, he set out heading to Muzdalifah. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used to order the people to be calm. Whenever he came to a mountain.Meaning: He came to something elevated—he would loosen the reins of his camel so that it would ascend, and whenever he found a gap, he would hasten. During the journey, he stopped to urinate and performed a light wudu. Usamah ibn Zayd, who was riding behind him on his camel, said to him: (The prayer, O Messenger of Allah! He said: The prayer is ahead of you) meaning: in Muzdalifah. He arrived at Muzdalifah after the time of 'Isha' had entered, and he prayed Maghrib and 'Isha' with one adhan and two iqamahs. Then he lay down in his place of lodging until the dawn became clear.
When the dawn became clear, he prayed Fajr with an adhan and an iqamah. It is not mentioned that he prayed witr or the sunnah of Fajr on this night, but it is known from his way (peace and blessings be upon him) that he did not leave witr whether resident or traveling, and likewise he did not leave the two rak'ahs of Fajr whether resident or traveling.And based on this generality, we say: Witr is prescribed on the night of Muzdalifah, and likewise the sunnah of the Fajr prayer.
Then he mounted his camel after praying Fajr until he reached al-Mash'ar al-Haram. He stopped there and supplicated, declared the oneness of Allah, and said takbir until the light of dawn became very clear. He set out before the sun rose, heading to Mina on his mount. He stopped at the Jamarah and ordered Ibn 'Abbas to pick up for him seven pebbles only, which he (may Allah's prayers and peace be upon him) took in his hand.And he used to make them witr and say: (Throw with such pebbles as these, and beware of exaggeration in religion) He threw the Jamarat al-Aqabah with seven pebbles, saying takbir with each pebble.
Then he turned to the place of sacrifice and slaughtered. He had offered a hundred camels, so he slaughtered sixty-three of them with his noble hand, and he gave the rest to 'Ali ibn Abi Talib, who slaughtered them. He (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered him to give in charity their meat and their fodder.Meaning: Even the fodder that had covered their backs, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered that it be given in charity. He ordered that a piece be taken from each camel and put in a pot, and it was cooked. He ate of its meat and drank of its broth.
Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) shaved his head and exited his state of ihram with the first exit. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) then applied perfume and descended to Makkah to perform Tawaf al-Ifadah. He performed seven circuits, and there was no running or exposing the shoulder in it; because running and exposing the shoulder are for those in the first tawaf. He did not perform sa'y between al-Safa and al-Marwah; because he had performed sa'y after Tawaf al-Qudum. The one who combines and the one who performs Hajj alone, if they perform sa'y after Tawaf al-Qudum, they do not repeat the sa'y. He prayed Zuhr in Makkah.
Then he went out to Mina and stayed there on the night of the eleventh. On the eleventh day, after the sun passed its zenith, he went on foot to the Jamarat. He threw the first Jamarah, which is the farthest from Makkah, with seven pebbles, saying takbir with each pebble. Then he moved forward a little and stood facing the qiblah, raising his hands, supplicating to Allah. He supplicated for a long time, then he turned away. Then he headed to the middle Jamarah and threw it with seven pebbles, saying takbir with each pebble. Then he moved forward a little until he stood facing the qiblah, raising his hands to Allah, and he supplicated for a long time. Then he threw the Jamarat al-Aqabah and returned to his lodging.
On the twelfth day, he did what he did on the eleventh day, and on the thirteenth day, he did likewise what he did on the two days before it; because he delayed. His throwing (peace and blessings be upon him) on the three days—the eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth—was after the sun passed its zenith, before he prayed Zuhr. For this reason, when he threw the Jamarat on the thirteenth day after the sun passed its zenith, he descended to Makkah and prayed Zuhr at al-Abtah in al-Mahshaf. He spent that night—the night of the fourteenth—there. At the end of the night, he ordered to depart, so he set out to al-Masjid al-Haram and performed Tawaf al-Wada' around the House, and he prayed Fajr after that. Then he returned to Madinah.
This is the summary of the Hajj of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).We have several points to consider regarding this: