The Ruling on Praying Without the Adhan
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Is it permissible to pray without the adhan?
A person in a town who hears the mu'adhdhins is sufficient with their adhan. However, for someone in the desert, let us suppose a group is on an outing; if they pray without the adhan, the prayer is valid, but they are sinful for omitting the adhan. This is because the adhan is a collective obligation (fard kifayah), so they must perform it. If they leave it off, they have sinned. As for the prayer itself, it is valid.
A person in a town who hears the mu'adhdhins is sufficient with their adhan. However, for someone in the desert, let us suppose a group is on an outing; if they pray without the adhan, the prayer is valid, but they are sinful for omitting the adhan. This is because the adhan is a collective obligation (fard kifayah), so they must perform it. If they leave it off, they have sinned. As for the prayer itself, it is valid.