Among the characteristics of Friday is the obligation of performing the full ritual bath on it.
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The Shaykh : And among the characteristics of this day is that it is obligatory for a person to perform the full ritual bath on it, based on the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): Riyad as-Salihin 1152 It was narrated by al-Bukhari and Muslim and others from the hadith of Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him).
However, this obligatory full ritual bath is not a condition for the validity of the Friday prayer, because it is not a full ritual bath to remove a state of major ritual impurity, such that it could be said to be a condition for the validity of the Friday prayer. Rather, whoever does not perform the full ritual bath on Friday has neglected an obligation, but if he prays without performing the full ritual bath, his prayer is valid. This is unlike the case where a person is in a state of major ritual impurity and prays on Friday without performing the full ritual bath, or prays on a day other than Friday without performing the full ritual bath, in which case his prayer is not valid.
So here, a distinction is made between an obligation and a condition, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said:.
And from the Commander of the Faithful, 'Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), when Uthman entered while 'Umar was delivering the sermon (may Allah be pleased with them both), it appeared as if he was reprimanding him for his delay in attending the prayer or for not moving forward to the Friday prayer. He said:Muwatta Malik 5:3, and he said: . And the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Sunan Abi Dawud 340Sahih (Al-Albani). So he reprimanded him in front of the people for limiting himself to the ablution, despite the saying of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him): Sunan Abi Dawud 340Sahih (Al-Albani). But 'Umar did not say to him: "If you had prayed the Friday prayer, your prayer would have been invalid."
And at that point, we say: The Friday full ritual bath is obligatory, but it is not a condition for the validity of the prayer. Rather, if he prays without it, his prayer is valid, but he has left the obligation that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) made obligatory.
Taking a bath (before coming to Friday prayers) is obligatory on every adult.
غسل الجمعة واجب على كل محتلمHowever, this obligatory full ritual bath is not a condition for the validity of the Friday prayer, because it is not a full ritual bath to remove a state of major ritual impurity, such that it could be said to be a condition for the validity of the Friday prayer. Rather, whoever does not perform the full ritual bath on Friday has neglected an obligation, but if he prays without performing the full ritual bath, his prayer is valid. This is unlike the case where a person is in a state of major ritual impurity and prays on Friday without performing the full ritual bath, or prays on a day other than Friday without performing the full ritual bath, in which case his prayer is not valid.
So here, a distinction is made between an obligation and a condition, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
The Friday full ritual bath is obligatory
غسل الجمعة واجبAnd from the Commander of the Faithful, 'Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), when Uthman entered while 'Umar was delivering the sermon (may Allah be pleased with them both), it appeared as if he was reprimanding him for his delay in attending the prayer or for not moving forward to the Friday prayer. He said:
I did no more than do wudu
ما زدت على أن توضأت ثم أتيتAnd the ablution as well
والوضوء أيضاWhen any one of you comes for Friday (prayer) he should take a bath.
إذا أتى أحدكم الجمعة فليغتسلWhen any one of you comes for Friday (prayer) he should take a bath.
إذا أتى أحدكم الجمعة فليغتسلAnd at that point, we say: The Friday full ritual bath is obligatory, but it is not a condition for the validity of the prayer. Rather, if he prays without it, his prayer is valid, but he has left the obligation that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) made obligatory.