Rule: Whoever commits a forbidden act while ignorant or forgetful bears no sin, no expiation, and no ransom, with examples
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The Shaykh : So we derive from this a rule: "Whoever commits a forbidden act while ignorant or forgetful, he bears no sin, no expiation, and his worship is not invalidated by it, whatever that forbidden act may be" Do you understand, my son? Understood or not? All right, a man has intercourse with his wife during the day in Ramadan, thinking that the sun has set, but the sun is obscured by clouds and appears from behind them. What is his obligation? What is his obligation, my brothers?
The student: Nothing.
The Shaykh : We establish a rule from the words of the Lord of the Worlds, and then you stop in your answer.
The student: Nothing is required of him.
The Shaykh : Nothing is required of him? Nothing is required of him, why? Because he is ignorant; he thought the sun had set, and it turned out it had not. In Sahih al-Bukhari, from Asma bint Abi Bakr (may Allah be pleased with them both), she said:Sunan Ibn Majah 1674Sahih (Darussalam) This is the very same case, and they were not ordered to make up the fast. If making up the fast had been obligatory, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would have ordered them to do so, because it would be part of the Shari'ah, and the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) was commanded to convey the Shari'ah. If he had ordered them to do it, why? To convey it to us, because the need calls for it. Since none of this happened, it is known that their fasting that day was, my brother, what was it? Stand up, what was it?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : I did not understand the question. I did not understand the question? Yes, yes, I understood the hadith, or did I not understand the hadith?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : What is the hadith?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Say it in your own words; it does not matter, just the meaning.
The student: ... And if they had been required to make up the fast, it would have been conveyed to us.
The Shaykh :Sunan an-Nasa'i 514Sahih (Darussalam) Then.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : May Allah bless you. Correct. So, my brothers, this rule benefits you: every forbidden act that a person commits while ignorant or forgetful, what is the result? Nothing is required of him: no sin, no making up of worship, and no expiation, no matter what the forbidden act is. And we do not say this because so-and-so said in such-and-such a book this and that, but we say it because what? Because Allah said:[Al-Baqarah 2:286] So Allah the Mighty and Majestic said: And by His saying, the Exalted: [Al-Ahzab 33:5] All right.
The student: Nothing.
The Shaykh : We establish a rule from the words of the Lord of the Worlds, and then you stop in your answer.
The student: Nothing is required of him.
The Shaykh : Nothing is required of him? Nothing is required of him, why? Because he is ignorant; he thought the sun had set, and it turned out it had not. In Sahih al-Bukhari, from Asma bint Abi Bakr (may Allah be pleased with them both), she said:
We broke our fast on a cloudy day at the time of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), then the sun appeared.
أفطرنا في عهد النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في يوم غيم ثم طلعت الشمسThe student: ... .
The Shaykh : I did not understand the question. I did not understand the question? Yes, yes, I understood the hadith, or did I not understand the hadith?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : What is the hadith?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Say it in your own words; it does not matter, just the meaning.
The student: ... And if they had been required to make up the fast, it would have been conveyed to us.
The Shaykh :
It was narrated from Abu Hurairah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Whoever catches up with two Rak'ahs of 'Asr prayer before the sun sets, or one Rak'ah of the Subh prayer before the sun rises, has caught it."
أفطروا قبل أن تغرب الشمسThe student: ... .
The Shaykh : May Allah bless you. Correct. So, my brothers, this rule benefits you: every forbidden act that a person commits while ignorant or forgetful, what is the result? Nothing is required of him: no sin, no making up of worship, and no expiation, no matter what the forbidden act is. And we do not say this because so-and-so said in such-and-such a book this and that, but we say it because what? Because Allah said: