Explaining the evidence for the requirement of these three conditions in the things that break the fast.
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The Shaykh : If someone were to ask: What is the evidence for requiring these three conditions? We say the evidence is: As for ignorance and forgetfulness, the evidence for the excuse in them is the saying of Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He: [Al-Baqarah 2:286] So Allah said: meaning We do not hold you accountable for forgetfulness or for error, and error is due to ignorance. This is a general proof.
As for the evidence that intention and choice are necessary, it is His saying, Blessed and Exalted is He:[An-Nahl 16:106] The way this indicates the ruling is that if a person is excused for being coerced into disbelief, and disbelief is the greatest of sins, then his excuse for being coerced into what is less than that is all the more so. This is clear. These proofs are general; take them with you as a proof from Allah, Mighty and Majestic, that if you do a forbidden act while ignorant, or do it while forgetful, or do it while coerced, then Allah has overlooked it and does not hold you accountable for it. This is among the effects of His saying, Blessed and Exalted is He, in the Qudsi Hadith: that His mercy precedes His wrath.
Now, if a man is in a state of ihram and, when he exits the state of ihram, he finds that he did not remove his underwear because he forgot, does he owe anything?
The student: He owes nothing.
The Shaykh : He owes nothing. And if a man was in a state of ihram and hunted game while forgetting that he was in ihram, or while ignorant that hunting is forbidden for him in the state of ihram, he owes nothing. Because these rules are general in everything. The scholars even said: It is a condition for applying the fixed punishments to one who does what warrants the punishment that he must be aware of the prohibition. Because these are established rules: there is no sin for forgetfulness, there is no sin for ignorance, and there is no sin for coercion. Now, are there specific proofs regarding fasting?
Our Lord, do not impose blame upon us if we have forgotten or erred.
ربنا لا تؤاخذنا إن نسينا أو أخطأناHe has done so
قد فعلتAs for the evidence that intention and choice are necessary, it is His saying, Blessed and Exalted is He:
Whoever disbelieves in Allah after his belief... except for one who is forced [to renounce his religion] while his heart is secure in faith. But those who [willingly] open their breasts to disbelief, upon them is wrath from Allah, and for them is a great punishment;
من كفر بالله من بعد إيمانه إلا من أكره وقلبه مطمئن بالإيمان ولكن من شرح بالكفر صدراً فعليهم غضب من الله ولهم عذاب عظيمNow, if a man is in a state of ihram and, when he exits the state of ihram, he finds that he did not remove his underwear because he forgot, does he owe anything?
The student: He owes nothing.
The Shaykh : He owes nothing. And if a man was in a state of ihram and hunted game while forgetting that he was in ihram, or while ignorant that hunting is forbidden for him in the state of ihram, he owes nothing. Because these rules are general in everything. The scholars even said: It is a condition for applying the fixed punishments to one who does what warrants the punishment that he must be aware of the prohibition. Because these are established rules: there is no sin for forgetfulness, there is no sin for ignorance, and there is no sin for coercion. Now, are there specific proofs regarding fasting?