Exegesis of the saying of Allah the Exalted: "Establish prayer at the decline of the sun until the darkness of the night and the recitation of the dawn. Indeed, the recitation of the dawn is witnessed." And mentioning the beginning and end of the time for each prayer

The Shaykh : In any case, these times in which Allah has appointed the prayer are five. Four of them are consecutive, and one is separate, with nothing before it and nothing after it. What is the evidence?
The evidence is from the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). In the Book of Allah, Allah the Exalted says: "The setting of the sun" means its disappearance, and the letter "lam" indicates timing, meaning the time of the setting, just as He said: meaning the time of their waiting period, i.e., the time in which a woman begins her waiting period. "When the night has become dark" means the utmost darkness, and the night is darkest at its midpoint because the sun is farthest from the region you are in at the zenith of the night, so it is the darkest part of the night, and this is the darkness of the night. From the setting of the sun to the darkness of the night, He made it one time: "Establish prayer at the setting of the sun until the darkness of the night," because these are consecutive times. Then He said: "The recitation of the Fajr." What is meant by it? It means the Fajr prayer, and Allah called it "recitation" because the recitation is prolonged in it, so Allah the Exalted named it recitation. The point is that He separated Fajr from what came before it. For this reason, the Sunnah came, as in the hadith of Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-As and others, clarifying this completely. So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Did you understand the hadith now? When is the time for the Zuhr prayer? When the sun has passed its zenith and the shadow of a man is as long as his height, as long as the time for Asr has not arrived, meaning until the time for Asr arrives. The time for Asr is as long as the sun has not turned yellow. The time for Maghrib is as long as the twilight has not disappeared. The time for Isha is until the middle of the night. Do you not realize that there is a separator between Asr and Maghrib? There is a separator between Asr and Maghrib. Where is it? Because he said: Then he said: Between the yellowing of the sun and the setting of the sun is a separator time, but this separator time is from the time of Asr. Its evidence is his saying (peace and blessings be upon him): So Asr has two times: a voluntary time until the sun turns yellow, and a necessary time until the sun sets.
Then we return a second time to know how we determine the setting of the sun. The scholars said: You know the setting of the sun by erecting something upright, like a stick, and following its shadow. As the sun rises, the shadow decreases; as it rises, it decreases. When it stops and begins to increase, then from the beginning of its increase, that is the setting of the sun. Calculate from the beginning of its increase until the shadow becomes the length of the stick. If the shadow becomes the length of the stick after the increase begins, this means that the time for the Zuhr has passed and the time for the Asr has entered, until the sun turns yellow, meaning it becomes yellow. This varies in winter and summer; it may turn yellow an hour before sunset, or less than an hour before sunset, depending on the times.
Now, the time for the Maghrib is until the twilight disappears. The twilight meant here is the red twilight, not the white twilight. This is not known unless a person goes out of the city and looks toward the west. When the redness disappears, the time for the Maghrib has passed and the time for the Isha has entered. This ranges between an hour and a half in our regions to an hour and a quarter. That is, sometimes the difference between sunset and the disappearance of the twilight is an hour and a quarter, and sometimes the difference is an hour and a half.
The time for the Isha is from the disappearance of the twilight to the middle of the night. But how do I know the middle of the night? Divide the time between sunset and the appearance of the dawn into two halves. Divide it into two halves, and the half is the middle of the night. If, for example, the sun sets at twelve o'clock and the dawn appears at twelve o'clock, what is the middle of the night? It is six o'clock. This varies with summer and winter; in summer, the night is short, and in winter, it is long. The important thing is to divide the time between sunset and the appearance of the dawn. This is the time for the Isha prayer. After the middle of the night, is it a time for the Isha prayer?
No. The stronger opinion among the opinions of the scholars is that what is after the middle of the night is not a time for the Isha, but it is a time for voluntary prayer and Tahajjud. Because the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) specified it in his saying: And there is no evidence indicating that the time extends to the appearance of the dawn. Now.
The time for the Fajr is from the appearance of the dawn to the appearance of the sun. It is between an hour and a quarter. I mean, the difference between the appearance of the dawn and the appearance of the sun ranges between an hour and a quarter or an hour and a half, depending on the change of seasons. I hope you are paying attention now. How many times are there? Five times.