The Book of Mosques and Places of Prayer-08b
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The reciter: And Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Duqali narrated to me, and 'Abd al-Samad said, Hammad narrated to us, and Qatadah narrated to us from Abu Ayyub from 'Abdullah ibn 'Amr that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Sahih Muslim 612d.
The Shaykh : These are different wordings, but their meaning is the same. As for the time of Fajr, it is from the appearance of the dawn. The dawn is of two kinds: the false dawn and the true dawn. The difference between them is from three aspects. The first aspect is that the true dawn is *mustatir* (extended), meaning it stretches from north to south like the wings of a bird. The second difference is that there is no darkness after the true dawn; rather, the light continues to rise until the sun appears. The third difference is that the first dawn is extended, and we have mentioned that the second dawn is *mustatir*, whereas the first is extended toward the center of the sky. The third difference is that there is no separation between the true dawn and the horizon, whereas there is a separation of darkness between the false one, which is the first, and the horizon. So these are three differences: the first is that the second dawn is *mustatir*, meaning extended, I mean extended from north to south, and the first is *mustatir*, meaning extended from east to west. The second difference is that there is no darkness after the true second dawn, whereas the first becomes dark. The third difference is that there is no darkness between the second dawn and the horizon, and there is darkness between the first dawn and the horizon. When the second dawn appears, it is that which makes food forbidden for the fasting person and makes the Fajr prayer permissible until the upper horn of the sun rises, as in the first hadith. As for the time of Dhuhr, when the sun has passed its zenith, meaning it has tilted from the center of the sky, and the sign of its passing is that the shadow stops and then increases. For when the sun rises, every upright object has a shadow from the direction of the west, and as the sun rises higher, this shadow shrinks until it reaches the limit when the sun is at its zenith. When it passes, the shadow increases, and whenever it increases by the slightest amount, this is the zenith. Mark a sign at the place of the increase. So when the distance from the place of the increase to the end of the shadow is equal to the height of the upright object, meaning equal to the height of the upright thing, then the time for Dhuhr has ended and the time for 'Asr has entered until the sun turns yellow. This is the time of choice, and until sunset is the time of necessity. When the upper horizon of the sun sets, the time for Maghrib enters until the red twilight disappears, meaning until the place of sunset becomes white with no redness. Then the time for 'Isha' enters until the middle of the night. Is the middle of the night from sunset to the appearance of the dawn, or from sunset to the appearance of the sun? There are two opinions among the scholars on this. Some scholars say that it is considered from the setting of the sun to its rising; this is the night, so the middle of the night is the midpoint of this time. And some say that the legal night is until the appearance of the dawn. For this reason, the night prayer is concluded with Witr, which is before the dawn. If this is the legal night, then what is considered as the middle of the night is the middle of the legal night, meaning from the setting of the sun to the appearance of the dawn. After that, the times for the four consecutive obligatory prayers end, and the last part of the night remains, which is not a time for the obligatory prayer, but it is a time for Tahajjud until the dawn appears. Yes.
The time of the noon prayer is when the sun passes the meridian and a man's shadow is the same (length) as his height, (and it lasts) as long as the time for the afternoon prayer has not come; the time for the afternoon prayer is as long as the sun has not become pale; the time of the evening prayer is as long as the twilight has not ended; the time of the night prayer is up to the middle of the average night and the time of the morning prayer is from the appearance of dawn, as long as the sun has not risen; but when the sun rises, refrain from prayer for it rises between the horns of the devil.
وقت الظهر إذا زالت الشمس وكان ظل الرجل كطوله ما لم يحضر العصر، ووقت العصر ما لم تصفر الشمس، ووقت صلاة المغرب ما لم يغب الشفق ووقت صلاة العشاء إلى نصف الليل الأوسط، ووقت صلاة الصبح من طلوع الفجر ما لم تطلع الشمس فإذا طلعت الشمس فأمسك عن الصلاة فإنها تطلع بين قرني شيطانThe Shaykh : These are different wordings, but their meaning is the same. As for the time of Fajr, it is from the appearance of the dawn. The dawn is of two kinds: the false dawn and the true dawn. The difference between them is from three aspects. The first aspect is that the true dawn is *mustatir* (extended), meaning it stretches from north to south like the wings of a bird. The second difference is that there is no darkness after the true dawn; rather, the light continues to rise until the sun appears. The third difference is that the first dawn is extended, and we have mentioned that the second dawn is *mustatir*, whereas the first is extended toward the center of the sky. The third difference is that there is no separation between the true dawn and the horizon, whereas there is a separation of darkness between the false one, which is the first, and the horizon. So these are three differences: the first is that the second dawn is *mustatir*, meaning extended, I mean extended from north to south, and the first is *mustatir*, meaning extended from east to west. The second difference is that there is no darkness after the true second dawn, whereas the first becomes dark. The third difference is that there is no darkness between the second dawn and the horizon, and there is darkness between the first dawn and the horizon. When the second dawn appears, it is that which makes food forbidden for the fasting person and makes the Fajr prayer permissible until the upper horn of the sun rises, as in the first hadith. As for the time of Dhuhr, when the sun has passed its zenith, meaning it has tilted from the center of the sky, and the sign of its passing is that the shadow stops and then increases. For when the sun rises, every upright object has a shadow from the direction of the west, and as the sun rises higher, this shadow shrinks until it reaches the limit when the sun is at its zenith. When it passes, the shadow increases, and whenever it increases by the slightest amount, this is the zenith. Mark a sign at the place of the increase. So when the distance from the place of the increase to the end of the shadow is equal to the height of the upright object, meaning equal to the height of the upright thing, then the time for Dhuhr has ended and the time for 'Asr has entered until the sun turns yellow. This is the time of choice, and until sunset is the time of necessity. When the upper horizon of the sun sets, the time for Maghrib enters until the red twilight disappears, meaning until the place of sunset becomes white with no redness. Then the time for 'Isha' enters until the middle of the night. Is the middle of the night from sunset to the appearance of the dawn, or from sunset to the appearance of the sun? There are two opinions among the scholars on this. Some scholars say that it is considered from the setting of the sun to its rising; this is the night, so the middle of the night is the midpoint of this time. And some say that the legal night is until the appearance of the dawn. For this reason, the night prayer is concluded with Witr, which is before the dawn. If this is the legal night, then what is considered as the middle of the night is the middle of the legal night, meaning from the setting of the sun to the appearance of the dawn. After that, the times for the four consecutive obligatory prayers end, and the last part of the night remains, which is not a time for the obligatory prayer, but it is a time for Tahajjud until the dawn appears. Yes.