Exegesis of the saying of Allah the Exalted: “And when We appointed for Moses a period of forty nights, then you took the calf [as a god] after him, while you were wrongdoers”

Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He, said: And Allah the Exalted had previously appointed for him a period of thirty nights, and He completed it with ten, so the appointed time of his Lord became forty nights. Allah the Exalted appointed this period for his communion with Him, and He left his brother Harun in charge of his people, saying: So Harun became the successor of Moses among his people when he went to the appointment of Allah, Mighty and Majestic. Then, due to their arrogance and stubbornness, the Children of Israel made a calf out of gold, taking it as a god. The one who had this idea was a man called al-Samiri. They made a bull calf from the jewelry, which it is said they had taken from the jewelry of the family of Pharaoh. They made a hollow in it so that wind could enter from the rear and exit from the mouth; when the wind entered, they heard a sound like the lowing of a bull. Al-Samiri said: “This is your god and the god of Moses. Moses has gone to seek his god, but he has strayed. Therefore, thirty months—thirty nights and more—have passed while he seeks this god, but he has forgotten, strayed, and become lost. This is your god and the god of Moses.” So Harun used to remind them of this and say: He is a prophet, but they persisted in arrogance and said: and they persisted in worshipping the calf. Moses, peace and blessings be upon him, returned and found them in a state that was not pleasing, contrary to the state in which he had left them. He became angry and threw down the tablets, which were the Torah that Allah, Mighty and Majestic, had written with His own hand. He threw them down in the intensity of his anger and grabbed his brother by the head and beard, dragging him toward him forcefully, saying: He feared that Moses, peace and blessings be upon him, would say, “You have divided the Children of Israel,” because if he had spoken or increased his admonition of them, they would have split into two groups: one group with Harun and another group with al-Samiri. So it seems that he, peace and blessings be upon him, left that aside out of fear of this. And they, too, were persistent in what they were doing, taking it as a god until they worshipped it. The story is detailed in Surat Ta-Ha.
They took it as a god, and for this reason he said: is the first object of “you took,” and the second object is omitted, with the implied meaning being: “Then you took the calf as a god.” And his saying: indicates that they did not take it from the very beginning, but there was a period, which, as I told you, was when the time appointed by Moses, peace and blessings be upon him, had passed, and then Allah the Exalted increased it, and they said, “This is the god, but he has forgotten.” And his saying: the waw here indicates the state, a state of the doer of , meaning, and the state is that you are wrongdoers. You have no excuse, and how could they have an excuse when their prophet Harun is saying: