Exegesis of the saying of Allah the Exalted: << وإذ واعدنا موسى أربعين ليلة ثم اتخذتم العجل من بعده و أنتم ظالمون >> from Surat al-Baqarah

Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He, said: And Allah the Exalted had promised him before that thirty nights, and He completed it with ten, so the appointed time of his Lord was forty nights. Allah the Exalted promised him this duration for his communion, and He turned his brother to his people. He said: So Aaron was the successor of Moses among his people when he went to the appointment of Allah, Mighty and Majestic. Then, due to their arrogance and stubbornness, the Children of Israel made a calf from gold, which they took as a god. The one who had this idea was a man called al-Samiri. They made a bull calf from the jewelry, which it is said they took from the jewelry of the family of Pharaoh. They made a hollow in it so that wind would enter from the rear and exit from the mouth. When the wind entered, they heard a sound like the lowing of a cow. So al-Samiri said, "This is your god and the god of Moses. Moses went to seek his god, so he is delayed. That is why thirty nights passed and were increased, seeking this god, but he forgot and went astray and was lost. This is your god and the god of Moses." So Aaron used to remind them of that and say: And he was a prophet, but they persisted in arrogance and said: And they persisted in worshipping the calf. Moses, peace and blessings be upon him, returned and found them in a state that was not pleasing, contrary to what he had left them in. He became angry and threw down the tablets, which are the Torah that Allah the Exalted wrote with His hand. He threw them down in the intensity of his anger and took hold of the head and beard of his brother, dragging him toward him in intensity, and said: And this was due to the intensity of his anger; otherwise, in a state of satisfaction, he would have had to ask first how they went astray before saying, But a person is a human being, and what befalls a human being befalls him. He said: He was afraid of Moses, peace and blessings be upon him, that he would say, "You divided the Children of Israel." Because if he had said it or increased in admonishing them, they would have split into two groups: a group with Aaron and another group with al-Samiri. So it is as if he, peace and blessings be upon him, left that out of fear of this. And with that, they were also persistent in what they were doing, taking it as a god until they worshipped it. The story is detailed in Surat Ta-Ha. They took it as a god, and for this reason he said: indicates that they did not take it from the very beginning, but there was a period, which, as I told you, is when the time that Moses, peace and blessings be upon him, had determined had passed, and then Allah the Exalted increased in it, they said, "This is the god, but he forgot." And His saying: The "waw" here is for the state, a state of the doer of meaning, and the state is that you are wrongdoers, you have no excuse. And how can they have an excuse when their prophet Aaron says: And after this ugly, heinous act, Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: And look at His saying: Are they wrongdoers to themselves or wrongdoers to others? They are wrongdoers to themselves, for every sinner is a wrongdoer to himself. If the harm of his sin extends to others, he becomes a wrongdoer to himself and to others.