Exegesis of Surat al-Tur, verses (20 - 28), and other selected verses, and what is derived from them.
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh : We have reached the words of Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He, in Surat al-Tur: [At-Tur 52:17-19] Then He, the Exalted, said: Reclining. This is a state, meaning: the state of being reclining. The one who reclines indicates by his posture that he is in joy, expansion, and tranquility, because reclining indicates that.
Al-surr is the plural of sarir, and they are: the luxurious chairs prepared in the best manner for the one sitting on them.
Arranged in rows means: arranged one next to the other, arranged by the servants and the young boys.
[Ad-Dukhan 44:54] Meaning: We paired them with houriyyat 'ayn. Al-hur is the plural of hurrah, and al-'ayn is the plural of 'aynawwa. The origin of al-hur is whiteness, whereas al-'aynawwa is the one who was beautiful in her eye in its blackness and whiteness. So they are beautiful in face and beautiful in eyes.
Then He, Mighty and Majestic, said:[At-Tur 52:21] The offspring whose faith is derivative is the young offspring. So Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says: [At-Tur 52:21] Meaning: We made their offspring join them in their ranks.
As for the adults who have married, they are independent in their ranks in Paradise; they do not join their fathers, because they have offspring, so they are in their abode. As for the young offspring who follow their fathers, they ascend to their fathers. This ascension does not necessitate a decrease in the reward and ranks of the fathers. For this reason, He said:[At-Tur 52:21] We deducted from them, meaning: that their offspring join them, and it is not said that we deduct from the ranks of the fathers by the amount by which you raised the rank of the offspring. Rather, He says: [At-Tur 52:21].
[At-Tur 52:21] This is a general rule for all workers: that each one is held captive by his deed, and nothing is deducted from it. As for the increase, it is a favor from Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He, upon whom He wills of His servants.
[At-Tur 52:22] Allah, the Exalted, extended to them, meaning: He gave them a continuous gift until the limit and forever. And it is what is eaten as a snack from foods.
[At-Tur 52:22] And Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He, specified the type of this meat as meat of birds, which is the most delicious of meat, the purest, and the most tender.
[At-Tur 52:23] Meaning: that the people of Paradise contend, some with others, by way of playfulness, and by way of intimacy and expansion. [At-Tur 52:23] And the intended meaning of al-ka's is the cup of wine. And the meaning of: [At-Tur 52:23] is that what happens with the wine of this world does not happen with it. For the wine of this world, the wine of this world causes intoxication and rambling, but the wine of the Hereafter has no idle talk and no sin. Meaning: some do not speak idly to others, nor do they speak in rambling, nor does some transgress against others.
Meaning: they move about them, meaning the people of Paradise, and they are reclining on their couches. Immortal young boys. Yes, they move about them. Meaning: young boys prepared for them with complete and comfortable service. Meaning: the young boys. Meaning: preserved from the winds and from the dust and from other things that spoil it.
Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He, says:[As-Saffat 37:27] Meaning: some of them began to question others, but it is in a manner of proper conduct. He speaks to him while facing him, so he does not turn his cheek away from him nor turn his back to him, but he speaks to him with proper conduct and complete facing. Meaning: some of them said to others. [At-Tur 52:26] Meaning: in this world. [At-Tur 52:26] Meaning: fearing the punishment of Allah. Favored, meaning: He bestowed upon us a great blessing. Meaning: the punishment of the Fire. [Al-Qasas 28:53] Meaning: before we reached this abode, and that was in this world. Meaning: we worship Him and ask Him. Because du'a' is used for two meanings: worship, and asking.
So of its usage for worship is the saying of Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He:[Ghafir 40:60]
And as for du'a' in the meaning of asking, it is in His saying, the Exalted:[Al-Baqarah 2:186]
So their saying:[At-Tur 52:28] includes du'a' of worship: such as prayer, charity, fasting, Hajj, dutifulness to parents, and maintaining family ties. All of this is du'a', even though it is worship. But if you asked the worshipper: Why do you worship Allah? He would say: What? I hope for His mercy and fear His punishment. So this worship is in the meaning of du'a'. Likewise, we call upon Him with du'a' of asking; they do not ask except Allah, and they do not turn except to Allah, because they know that they are in need of Him, and that He is the One capable of everything.
[At-Tur 52:28] Al-Barr means: the vastness of kindness and mercy. And of that is al-bariyyah for the place empty of buildings. The meaning is that He, Exalted and Majestic is He, is vast in giving, kindness, and generosity.
Ar-Rahim means: the One possessing the utmost mercy. He, Blessed and Exalted is He, shows mercy with it to whom He wills of His servants.
So in these verses is the description of the bliss of the people of Paradise. And in them also is that Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, when He mentioned the punishment of the people of the Fire, He mentioned the bliss of the people of Paradise. Because this noble Qur'an is a repetition in which meanings are repeated. When good is mentioned in it, evil is mentioned in it. And when the bliss of the righteous is mentioned in it, the hellfire of the disbelievers is mentioned in it. And so on, so that the person who reads the Qur'an is between fear and hope. If he reads the verses of bliss, he hopes. And if he reads the verses of punishment, he fears. So he worships Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He, with this and that.
We ask Allah, the Exalted, to make us and you among the people of the Gardens, the saved from the depths. Indeed, He is capable of all things.
Now, to the questions, and we start with the right side.
(17) Indeed, the righteous will be in gardens and pleasure, (18) Enjoying what their Lord has given them, and their Lord protected them from the punishment of Hellfire. (19) [They will be told], "Eat and drink in satisfaction for what you used to do."
إِنَّ الْمُتَّقِينَ فِي جَنَّاتٍ وَنَعِيمٍ * فَاكِهِينَ بِمَا آتَاهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ وَوَقَاهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ عَذَابَ الْجَحِيمِ * كُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا هَنِيئاً بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَReclining on couches arranged in rows
مُتَّكِئِينَ عَلَى سُرُرٍ مَصْفُوفَةٍAl-surr is the plural of sarir, and they are: the luxurious chairs prepared in the best manner for the one sitting on them.
Arranged in rows means: arranged one next to the other, arranged by the servants and the young boys.
And We will marry them to fair women with large, [beautiful] eyes.
وَزَوَّجْنَاهُمْ بِحُورٍ عِينٍThen He, Mighty and Majestic, said:
And those who believed and whose descendants followed them in faith - We will join with them their descendants
وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَاتَّبَعَتْهُمْ ذُرِّيَّتُهُمْ بِإِيمَانٍ أَلْحَقْنَا بِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّتَهُمْWe will join with them their descendants
أَلْحَقْنَا بِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّتَهُمْAs for the adults who have married, they are independent in their ranks in Paradise; they do not join their fathers, because they have offspring, so they are in their abode. As for the young offspring who follow their fathers, they ascend to their fathers. This ascension does not necessitate a decrease in the reward and ranks of the fathers. For this reason, He said:
and We will not deprive them of anything of their deeds
وَمَا أَلَتْنَاهُمْ مِنْ عَمَلِهِمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍand We will not deprive them of anything of their deeds
وَمَا أَلَتْنَاهُمْ مِنْ عَمَلِهِمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍEvery person, for what he earned, is retained.
كُلُّ امْرِئٍ بِمَا كَسَبَ رَهِينٌAnd We will provide them with fruit and meat from whatever they desire.
وَأَمْدَدْنَاهُمْ بِفَاكِهَةٍ وَلَحْمٍ مِمَّا يَشْتَهُونWith fruit
بفاكهةmeat from whatever they desire.
وَلَحْمٍ مِمَّا يَشْتَهُونَThey will exchange with one another a cup
يَتَنَازَعُونَ فِيهَا كَأْساًa cup [of wine] wherein [results] no ill speech or commission of sin.
كَأْساً لا لَغْوٌ فِيهَا وَلا تَأْثِيمٌno ill speech or commission of sin.
لا لَغْوٌ فِيهَا وَلا تَأْثِيمٌAnd servants will go around serving them
وَيَطُوفُ عَلَيْهِمْServants for them
غِلْمَانٌ لَهُمْAs if they were
كَأَنَّهُمْHidden pearls
لُؤْلُؤٌ مَكْنُونٌAllah, Blessed and Exalted is He, says:
And they will approach one another blaming each other.
وَأَقْبَلَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ يَتَسَاءَلُونَThey will say
قَالُواIndeed, we were previously
إِنَّا كُنَّا قَبْلُamong our people fearful
فِي أَهْلِنَا مُشْفِقِينَSo Allah granted us favor and protected us from the punishment of the scorching wind
فَمَنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْنَا وَوَقَانَا عَذَابَ السَّمُومِAnd protected us from the punishment of the scorching wind
ووقانا عذاب السمومIndeed we were, [even] before
إِنَّا كُنَّا مِنْ قَبْلُWe used to call upon Him
نَدْعُوهُSo of its usage for worship is the saying of Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He:
And your Lord says, "Call upon Me; I will respond to you." Indeed, those who disdain My worship will enter Hell [rendered] contemptible.
وَقَالَ رَبُّكُمُ ادْعُونِي أَسْتَجِبْ لَكُمْ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَسْتَكْبِرُونَ عَنْ عِبَادَتِي سَيَدْخُلُونَ جَهَنَّمَ دَاخِرِينَAnd as for du'a' in the meaning of asking, it is in His saying, the Exalted:
And when My servants ask you, [O Muhammad], concerning Me - indeed I am near. I respond to the invocation of the supplicant when he calls upon Me. So let them respond to Me [by obedience] and believe in Me that they may be [rightly] guided.
وَإِذَا سَأَلَكَ عِبَادِي عَنِّي فَإِنِّي قَرِيبٌ أُجِيبُ دَعْوَةَ الدَّاعِ إِذَا دَعَانِ فَلْيَسْتَجِيبُوا لِي وَلْيُؤْمِنُوا بِي لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْشُدُونَSo their saying:
Indeed, we used to supplicate Him before
إنا كنا من قبل ندعوهIndeed, it is He who is the Beneficent, the Merciful."
إِنَّهُ هُوَ الْبَرُّ الرَّحِيمُAr-Rahim means: the One possessing the utmost mercy. He, Blessed and Exalted is He, shows mercy with it to whom He wills of His servants.
So in these verses is the description of the bliss of the people of Paradise. And in them also is that Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, when He mentioned the punishment of the people of the Fire, He mentioned the bliss of the people of Paradise. Because this noble Qur'an is a repetition in which meanings are repeated. When good is mentioned in it, evil is mentioned in it. And when the bliss of the righteous is mentioned in it, the hellfire of the disbelievers is mentioned in it. And so on, so that the person who reads the Qur'an is between fear and hope. If he reads the verses of bliss, he hopes. And if he reads the verses of punishment, he fears. So he worships Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He, with this and that.
We ask Allah, the Exalted, to make us and you among the people of the Gardens, the saved from the depths. Indeed, He is capable of all things.
Now, to the questions, and we start with the right side.