Exegesis of Surat al-Tur, verses (17-19), and other selected verses, and what is derived from them.
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh : We ended previously with the saying of Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He: [At-Tur 52:17] This sentence is a declarative statement affirmed by "in"
And I will explain to you the affirmation: If I say, for example, "Knowledge is beneficial," this is a declarative statement free from affirmation. If I say, "Indeed, knowledge is beneficial," this is a declarative statement affirmed by one affirmer, which is "in." If I say, "Indeed, knowledge is certainly beneficial," this is a declarative statement affirmed by two affirmers: "in" and the "lam." If I say, "By Allah, indeed knowledge is certainly beneficial," this is a declarative statement affirmed by three affirmers: the oath, "in," and the "lam." Affirmation is a style of the Arabic language used by the Arabs, and this Qur'an was revealed in the language of the Arabs. Otherwise, in reality, the news of Allah, Mighty and Majestic, does not need affirmation, because He is the most truthful in speech. So when the Lord, Mighty and Majestic, informs of something, He does not need to affirm it, because the news of Allah is truth. But because the great Qur'an was revealed in the Arabic tongue, it follows what the Arabs knew in their language.
Here, Allah, Mighty and Majestic, affirmed this sentence:[At-Tur 52:17] With what? With "in," meaning: with one affirmer.
[At-Tur 52:17] Who are the righteous? The righteous are those who carried out the obedience of Allah by complying with His command and avoiding His prohibition. This is taqwa.
So taqwa is: the obedience of Allah by complying with His command and avoiding His prohibition. So the one who prays by complying with the command of Allah, we say: he is righteous in his prayer. And the one who leaves zina, we say: he is righteous in leaving zina.
And it is called taqwa because it is protection from the punishment of Allah. If a person carries out the obedience of Allah, he has taken protection from the punishment of Allah, Mighty and Majestic. These righteous ones, Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says:[At-Tur 52:17] And "Jannat" is the plural of "Jannah," and it is: the abode that Allah, the Exalted, prepared for the righteous in the Hereafter, by the evidence of the saying of Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He: [Ali 'Imran 3:133] We said: the abode that Allah, the Exalted, prepared for His servants in the Hereafter. Is it possible for it to be in this world? We say: As for entering the Jannah, which is the Jannah, this is not possible in this world. As for a person receiving from the pleasure of the Jannah what comes to him, this is possible, and that is in the grave when the person is asked: about his Lord, his religion, and his Prophet. If he answers correctly, a bed from the Jannah is spread for him, a door to the Jannah is opened for him, and his grave is expanded for him to the extent of his sight.
So "Jannat" is the plural of what?
The student: Jannah
The Shaykh : And it is the abode that Allah prepared for the righteous in the Hereafter, and it is plural because it is of types. Allah mentioned four types in Surat al-Rahman. Do you remember them? The brother, in Surat al-Rahman, Allah mentioned four types.
The student: ...
The Shaykh :[Ar-Rahman 55:46] Then He said: [Ar-Rahman 55:62] So these are four, and these four gardens differ by what came in their description in Surat al-Rahman. He, Mighty and Majestic, says: [At-Tur 52:17] Pleasure, meaning: pleasure of the body and pleasure of the heart. They are in constant joy, they are in constant health, and they are in constant life. So all types of pleasure are complete for them. We ask Allah to make us and you among them.
[At-Tur 52:17-18] "Fakihin": the one who is joyful, as in His saying, the Exalted: [Al-Mutaffifin 83:31] Meaning: joyful.
[At-Tur 52:18] So they obtained safety from evils by the protection of the Hellfire, and complete joy in the gardens of pleasure.
He, the Exalted, said:[At-Tur 52:19] "Eat." How do we parse it?
The student: An imperative verb
The Shaykh : An imperative verb. Is this command a command of obligation or honor? Honor. So the command here is for honor, meaning: they are told: Eat and drink. Eat from all the pleasure in the Jannah. And in it[Ar-Rahman 55:52] And in it [Ar-Rahman 55:68] And in it is all pleasure.
And drink from what is in it of rivers. The rivers of the Jannah, Allah, the Exalted, mentioned four of them in Surat al-Qital. Who will read them to us? There are rivers. Raise your voice.
The student:[Muhammad 47:15]
The Shaykh : This is one.
The questioner :[Muhammad 47:15]
The Shaykh : Well done. These are four:[Muhammad 47:15] Meaning: Meaning: unchanged. Water in this world, if nothing comes to replenish it and it remains stagnant, it must change and become stale. The water of the Jannah does not change .
[Muhammad 47:15] Milk in this world, if it is left, it changes and spoils, but in the Hereafter it does not.
[Muhammad 47:15] The wine of this world has a bad smell, and in it is that it turns the sane person into what? Into a madman. It also has headaches, it has destruction of the stomach, but in the Jannah it does not. [Muhammad 47:15] And Allah, the Exalted, said in Surat al-Saffat: [As-Saffat 37:47]
[At-Tur 52:19] "Al-Hani'": that which has no bad consequence, and no accountability for transgression or excess.
[Al-Ma'idah 5:105] Meaning: because of what you used to do. So the "ba" here is for causality, and the "ba" is not for exchange. I say this because the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Sahih Muslim 2818a And here He said: [At-Tur 52:19] So Allah, the Exalted, made that because of the deed. So some scholars said: How does the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: Sahih Muslim 2818a while Allah says: ?! And the answer to this problem is that it is said: the "ba" comes for causality and comes for substitution. If it is said: The man entered the Jannah by his deed, the meaning is: causality. And if it is said: Sahih Muslim 2818a the meaning is: substitution.
I give you an example that clarifies this: I sold you the cloth for a dirham. The "ba" is for substitution, because the dirham became the exchange for the cloth. This is for substitution. And if I say: I disciplined the boy by his mischief, this is for causality. So we all will not enter the Jannah by our deeds, because Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, if He reckoned us by our deeds, one of the blessings of Allah would not be comparable to our deeds. One blessing, the breath now, which is a necessity of life, goes out of you and comes in without effort or hardship. And how many times does a person breathe in a minute? Yes, many times. If we were reckoned by our deeds by exchange and trade, one blessing would encompass all the deeds, is that not so? And we now do not feel the blessing of the breath, but if one of us were afflicted with suffocation, he would find that the breath is one of the greatest blessings of Allah. Therefore we say: the "ba" in His saying: is for what, O brothers? For causality, not for substitution.
And in His saying: it encompasses all deeds of the limbs, the heart, and the tongue. The limbs are like actions such as bowing and prostration. The words are like the dhikr. And the hearts are like fear, hope, and reliance, and the like. So all these are called deeds.
Then Allah, the Exalted, said: And we postpone the discussion of it, if Allah wills, to the next session or to the next meeting. However, we ask you for your excuse in the next weekly meeting. Allow us and we allow you. Yes, if Allah wills, the Exalted. So we begin with the questions.
Now for the guests.
Indeed, the righteous will be in gardens and pleasure,
إِنَّ الْمُتَّقِينَ فِي جَنَّاتٍ وَنَعِيمٍAnd I will explain to you the affirmation: If I say, for example, "Knowledge is beneficial," this is a declarative statement free from affirmation. If I say, "Indeed, knowledge is beneficial," this is a declarative statement affirmed by one affirmer, which is "in." If I say, "Indeed, knowledge is certainly beneficial," this is a declarative statement affirmed by two affirmers: "in" and the "lam." If I say, "By Allah, indeed knowledge is certainly beneficial," this is a declarative statement affirmed by three affirmers: the oath, "in," and the "lam." Affirmation is a style of the Arabic language used by the Arabs, and this Qur'an was revealed in the language of the Arabs. Otherwise, in reality, the news of Allah, Mighty and Majestic, does not need affirmation, because He is the most truthful in speech. So when the Lord, Mighty and Majestic, informs of something, He does not need to affirm it, because the news of Allah is truth. But because the great Qur'an was revealed in the Arabic tongue, it follows what the Arabs knew in their language.
Here, Allah, Mighty and Majestic, affirmed this sentence:
Indeed, the righteous will be in gardens and pleasure,
إِنَّ الْمُتَّقِينَ فِي جَنَّاتٍ وَنَعِيمٍIndeed, the righteous will be in gardens and pleasure,
إِنَّ الْمُتَّقِينَ فِي جَنَّاتٍ وَنَعِيمٍSo taqwa is: the obedience of Allah by complying with His command and avoiding His prohibition. So the one who prays by complying with the command of Allah, we say: he is righteous in his prayer. And the one who leaves zina, we say: he is righteous in leaving zina.
And it is called taqwa because it is protection from the punishment of Allah. If a person carries out the obedience of Allah, he has taken protection from the punishment of Allah, Mighty and Majestic. These righteous ones, Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says:
in gardens and pleasure,
فِي جَنَّاتٍ وَنَعِيمٍAnd hasten to forgiveness from your Lord and a garden as wide as the heavens and earth, prepared for the righteous
وَسَارِعُوا إِلَى مَغْفِرَةٍ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَجَنَّةٍ عَرْضُهَا السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ أُعِدَّتْ لِلْمُتَّقِينَSo "Jannat" is the plural of what?
The student: Jannah
The Shaykh : And it is the abode that Allah prepared for the righteous in the Hereafter, and it is plural because it is of types. Allah mentioned four types in Surat al-Rahman. Do you remember them? The brother, in Surat al-Rahman, Allah mentioned four types.
The student: ...
The Shaykh :
But for he who has feared the position of his Lord are two gardens -
وَلِمَنْ خَافَ مَقَامَ رَبِّهِ جَنَّتَانِAnd below them both [in excellence] are two [other] gardens -
وَمِنْ دُونِهِمَا جَنَّتَانin gardens and pleasure,
فِي جَنَّاتٍ وَنَعِيمٍin gardens and pleasure, (18) Enjoying what their Lord has given them
فِي جَنَّاتٍ وَنَعِيمٍ * فَاكِهِينَ بِمَا آتَاهُمْ رَبُّهُمْAnd when they returned to their people, they would return jesting.
وَإِذَا انْقَلَبُوا إِلَى أَهْلِهِمُ انْقَلَبُوا فَكِهِينَIn what their Lord has given them
بما آتاهم ربهمand their Lord protected them from the punishment of Hellfire.
وَوَقَاهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ عَذَابَ الْجَحِيمِHe, the Exalted, said:
[They will be told], "Eat and drink in satisfaction for what you used to do."
كُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا هَنِيئاً بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَThe student: An imperative verb
The Shaykh : An imperative verb. Is this command a command of obligation or honor? Honor. So the command here is for honor, meaning: they are told: Eat and drink. Eat from all the pleasure in the Jannah. And in it
of every fruit, two kinds.
مِنْ كُلِّ فَاكِهَةٍ زَوْجَانِfruit and palm trees and pomegranates.
فَاكِهَةٌ وَنَخْلٌ وَرُمَّانٌAnd drink from what is in it of rivers. The rivers of the Jannah, Allah, the Exalted, mentioned four of them in Surat al-Qital. Who will read them to us? There are rivers. Raise your voice.
The student:
Is the description of Paradise, which the righteous are promised, wherein are rivers of water unaltered
مَثَلُ الْجَنَّةِ الَّتِي وُعِدَ الْمُتَّقُونَ فِيهَا أَنْهَارٌ مِنْ مَاءٍ غَيْرِ آسِنٍThe Shaykh : This is one.
The questioner :
rivers of milk the taste of which never changes, rivers of wine delicious to those who drink, and rivers of purified honey
وَأَنْهَارٌ مِنْ لَبَنٍ لَمْ يَتَغَيَّرْ طَعْمُهُ وَأَنْهَارٌ مِنْ خَمْرٍ لَذَّةٍ لِلشَّارِبِينَ وَأَنْهَارٌ مِنْ عَسَلٍ مُصَفّىًThe Shaykh : Well done. These are four:
rivers of water unaltered
أَنْهَارٌ مِنْ مَاءٍ غَيْرِ آسِنٍThat does not stagnate
غير آسنThat does not stagnate
غير آسنrivers of milk the taste of which never changes
وَأَنْهَارٌ مِنْ لَبَنٍ لَمْ يَتَغَيَّرْ طَعْمُهُrivers of wine delicious to those who drink
وَأَنْهَارٌ مِنْ خَمْرٍ لَذَّةٍ لِلشَّارِبِينَrivers of wine delicious to those who drink
أَنْهَارٌ مِنْ خَمْرٍ لَذَّةٍ لِلشَّارِبِينَNo bad effect is there in it, nor from it will they be intoxicated.
لا فِيهَا غَوْلٌ وَلا هُمْ عَنْهَا يُنْزَفُونَ[They will be told], "Eat and drink in satisfaction for what you used to do."
كُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا هَنِيئاً بما كنتم تعملونof what you used to do.
بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَnone would be able to get into Paradise because of his deeds alone
لن يدخل الجنة أحد بعمله[They will be told], "Eat and drink in satisfaction for what you used to do."
كُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا هَنِيئاً بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَnone would be able to get into Paradise because of his deeds alone
لن يدخل الجنة أحد بعملهfor what you used to do
بما كنتم تعملونnone would be able to get into Paradise because of his deeds alone
لن يدخل الجنة أحد بعملهI give you an example that clarifies this: I sold you the cloth for a dirham. The "ba" is for substitution, because the dirham became the exchange for the cloth. This is for substitution. And if I say: I disciplined the boy by his mischief, this is for causality. So we all will not enter the Jannah by our deeds, because Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, if He reckoned us by our deeds, one of the blessings of Allah would not be comparable to our deeds. One blessing, the breath now, which is a necessity of life, goes out of you and comes in without effort or hardship. And how many times does a person breathe in a minute? Yes, many times. If we were reckoned by our deeds by exchange and trade, one blessing would encompass all the deeds, is that not so? And we now do not feel the blessing of the breath, but if one of us were afflicted with suffocation, he would find that the breath is one of the greatest blessings of Allah. Therefore we say: the "ba" in His saying:
for what you used to do
بما كنتم تعملونAnd in His saying:
for what you used to do
بما كنتم تعملونThen Allah, the Exalted, said:
Reclining on couches arranged in rows.
متكئين على سرر مصفوفةNow for the guests.