Commentary on Tafsir al-Jalalayn: ((And We have certainly bestowed favor upon Musa and Harun)) with prophethood ((and We saved them and their people)) the Children of Israel ((from the great distress

Therefore, He said The author said "with prophethood, and We saved them and their people, the Children of Israel, from the great distress, meaning the enslavement of Pharaoh of them" . So Allah mentioned His favor upon Musa and Harun with prophethood, then with their salvation and the salvation of their people from the great distress. What is the distress? It is possible that it is destruction, as mentioned previously in its parallel, and it is possible that it is the severity that befell them from Pharaoh. For Pharaoh enslaved the Children of Israel and began to kill their sons and let their women live; he would slaughter their sons and let their women live. Sometimes he would slaughter them like sheep, and sometimes he would kill them by stones or otherwise. The important point is that he used to afflict them with the most severe affliction, subjecting them to the worst of punishment. There is no doubt that this would be a great distress for these people. So Allah the Exalted saved them from that, and Allah mentioned His favor upon them with it.
He said over the Copts We gave them victory. The pronoun refers to Musa, Harun, and their people, three groups. We gave them victory over their enemy. The greatest victory that occurred was at the end, when Musa (peace be upon him) was commanded to leave Egypt. He headed toward the Red Sea, and when he reached it, he was commanded to strike it. He struck it, and it split. So Musa and his people came out safely, and Pharaoh and his people entered, and they perished. Until Allah the Exalted showed them the body of Pharaoh above the water, so that they would be reassured by his death and be certain of it. For this reason, that was a victory for them. And His saying the ones who prevailed, in the end. Otherwise, at the beginning, Pharaoh had subjected them to the worst of punishment. But the criterion is the end, which is that they prevailed, because Allah Mighty and Majestic says regarding the family of Pharaoh:
meaning the matter is so, confirmed. And these people are the Children of Israel, as in the verse of al-Shu'arā . So this is of the great victory, that Allah the Exalted makes these people, who were oppressed on earth, inherit the land of these arrogant, tyrannical Pharaohs with great ease, in His saying O guidance of Allah, there is a problem because "hum" is a pronoun and "al-ghalibin" is in the accusative case, so how is the predicate in the accusative case?
The student: It is a pronoun of separation.

The Shaykh : A pronoun of separation, and if it is a pronoun of separation
The student: Al-ghalibin is the predicate of "kana".

The Shaykh : The predicate of "kana" and the pronoun of separation?
The student: It has no grammatical position.

The Shaykh : It has no grammatical position.