Is it permissible for the fasting person to delay abstaining until the adhan for the Fajr prayer is called, or is it obligatory for him to be cautious and abstain two or three minutes before the adhan?
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The questioner : Is it permissible for the fasting person to delay abstaining until the adhan for the Fajr prayer is called, or is it obligatory for him to be cautious and abstain two or three minutes before the adhan?
The Shaykh : Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and may peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Muhammad, and upon his family and all his Companions. Allah (Glorified and Exalted is He) said:[At-Talaq 65:1] And Allah (Glorified and Exalted is He) has specified a time for the fasting person to abstain and a time to break his fast. As for the time of abstaining, Allah the Exalted said: [Al-Baqarah 2:187] So Allah made the limit of abstaining the appearance of the dawn. It is never part of the Sunnah for a person to abstain before the appearance of the dawn as a precaution or to draw near to Allah (Mighty and Majestic), because this is drawing near to Allah (Glorified and Exalted is He) in what He has not prescribed, and it is a precaution in the wrong place. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to his Companions: Sahih al-Bukhari 622, 623 It has also been narrated that there is no time between their two adhan calls except that one ascends and the other descends. And although there is some consideration in this narration, in any case, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered his Companions to eat and drink until Ibn Umm Maktum calls the adhan. He said (peace and blessings be upon him): Sahih al-Bukhari 1918, 1919 This is the Sunnah.
And what some people do, where they include in the Ramadan fasting schedule the time of abstaining, saying "time of abstaining," and then the time of the appearance of the dawn, is undoubtedly an error and not correct. So a person eats and drinks until the appearance of the dawn becomes clear to him, either by seeing it if he is in the open, or by hearing the adhan of a trustworthy person who does not call the adhan until the dawn appears.
Likewise, regarding the sunset, people are commanded to hasten breaking the fast once the setting of the sun is confirmed or there is a strong presumption of its setting. If the sun has set, even if the adhan has not been called, you break your fast. If it is estimated that you are in the open or in a high place where the setting of the sun is clear, you break your fast even if you do not hear the mu'adhdhin. And if you are not in such a place, you rely on the adhan of a trustworthy person who does not call the adhan until the sun sets. And if it happens that one of the mu'adhdhins calls the adhan before the sun sets, and you are watching the sun, it is not permissible for you to break your fast until the sun sets. Yes.
The Shaykh : Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and may peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Muhammad, and upon his family and all his Companions. Allah (Glorified and Exalted is He) said:
And those are the limits [set by] Allah. And whoever transgresses the limits of Allah has certainly wronged himself.
وَتِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ ومن يتعد حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَقَدْ ظَلَمَ نَفْسَهُAnd eat and drink until the white thread of dawn becomes distinct to you from the black thread [of night]
وكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِNarrated `Aisha: The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Bilal pronounces the Adhan at night, so eat and drink (Suhur) till Ibn Um Maktum pronounces the Adhan."
إن بلالاً يؤذّن بليل فكلوا واشربوا حتى يؤذّن ابن أم مكتومfor he does not pronounce it till it is dawn.
فإنه لا يؤذّن حتى يطلع الفجرAnd what some people do, where they include in the Ramadan fasting schedule the time of abstaining, saying "time of abstaining," and then the time of the appearance of the dawn, is undoubtedly an error and not correct. So a person eats and drinks until the appearance of the dawn becomes clear to him, either by seeing it if he is in the open, or by hearing the adhan of a trustworthy person who does not call the adhan until the dawn appears.
Likewise, regarding the sunset, people are commanded to hasten breaking the fast once the setting of the sun is confirmed or there is a strong presumption of its setting. If the sun has set, even if the adhan has not been called, you break your fast. If it is estimated that you are in the open or in a high place where the setting of the sun is clear, you break your fast even if you do not hear the mu'adhdhin. And if you are not in such a place, you rely on the adhan of a trustworthy person who does not call the adhan until the sun sets. And if it happens that one of the mu'adhdhins calls the adhan before the sun sets, and you are watching the sun, it is not permissible for you to break your fast until the sun sets. Yes.