Continuation of the commentary on Tafsir al-Jalalayn: “So he looked at the god of Moses, and I truly think he” meaning Moses “is a liar” in that he has a god other than Me. Pharaoh said:
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So he said: " meaning Moses in that he has a god other than Me " He said this was a deception upon his followers, and out of fear that something might occur in their hearts when he ordered his minister to build a tower for him. He said: [Ghafir 40:37] And Pharaoh is a liar in this statement; he does not think that Moses is a liar, but he knows that he is truthful, by the saying of Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He, regarding Moses that he said to him, meaning to Pharaoh: [Al-Isra 17:102] He said this statement: He said this, confirming it with the oath and the lam (emphatic particle) and qad (particle of past action), and he addresses this man who is capable of denying what Moses said if it were a lie. He said to him: [Al-Isra 17:102] Is there anything preventing Pharaoh from saying, "I did not know"? No, he is capable, but he knows that he knows that these were not sent down except by the Lord of the heavens and the earth, with clear proofs.
And Allah, the Exalted, said:[An-Naml 27:14] This is the object for the sake of which they denied; they denied it unjustly. So the important point is that His saying: [Ghafir 40:37] Is this statement a lie or the truth? He is a liar; he says, "I truly think he is a liar," and he is a liar. He knows that he is truthful, but he said that as a deception to his people and out of fear that something of doubt might occur in their hearts. Allah, the Exalted, said about Pharaoh: [Ghafir 40:37] The commentator says: " Pharaoh said that as a deception ".
[Ghafir 40:37] Yes, and "thus" means like this action or like this making attractive. Which one is according to the rule? The second, because we said that "thus" is an absolute object for the verb that follows it, meaning like this making attractive that was made attractive to Pharaoh. This deception and promotion to his people made attractive to Pharaoh the evil of his deed, which Satan and the soul commanding to evil made attractive. It may be said, and Allah, Mighty and Majestic, because Allah misguides whom He wills, as He, the Exalted, said: [Al-An'am 6:108] So Allah, the Exalted, made it attractive by decree, meaning that He veiled guidance from him, then Satan and the soul commanding to evil made it attractive for him to do this deed.
[Ghafir 40:37] And "the path" here contains the al (definite article) of covenant, meaning the three covenants? The mentioned, the present, or the mental? The mental, which is the path of guidance. For this reason, the author said: " The path of guidance, and in it are two readings with the sad (ص) opened and closed ". "Sud" (صُد) with the sad closed is built for the passive voice where the doer is not named. "Sad" (صَد) with the sad opened is built for the active voice where the doer is named. But is it transitive or intransitive? Does it mean that he was kept away by himself or that he kept away another? It includes both meanings, because it is a shared term suitable for both meanings. The rule in exegesis is that every term that is suitable for two non-contradictory meanings is taken to include both, except if there is something in one that makes it stronger, in which case the stronger one is acted upon.
[Ghafir 40:37] Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He, said: [Ghafir 40:37] Scheming, plotting, deception, and the like are all close words, and their meaning is that a person reaches his objective with his opponent through hidden means. Every person intends for his opponent to be defeated, so he reaches this through hidden means that the opponent does not know, until he reaches this. Now, Pharaoh schemed by saying to Haman, "Build me a tower," so that he would climb this tower, and when he reached its peak, he would look before the people and then descend and say, "I did not find the Lord of Moses." This is a deception, especially upon the common people, especially the common people of the family of Pharaoh, whom this oppressive tyrant had dazzled, so that everything becomes truth for them. But does this scheme benefit him? Allah, the Exalted, said: [Ghafir 40:37] Meaning except in loss.
Is "ma" (ما) here Hijazi or Tamimi? It is Hijazi and negated, meaning that it does not operate, and the affirmation (isbat) invalidated its operation. Ibn Malik says: "The operation of 'laysa' (ليس) is not what I operated, except what is below 'inna' (إن) with the remaining negation."
And the negation here did not remain, so based on this, we say it is negated due to the invalidation of the negation and its removal by "illa" (إلا).
And I truly think he
وإني لأظنهa liar
كاذباbut indeed, I think he is a liar.
وإني لأظنه كاذباYou have already known that none has sent down these [signs] except the Lord of the heavens and the earth as evidence
لقد علمت ما أنزل هؤلاء إلا رب السماوات والأرض بصائرYou have certainly known
لقد علمت[Moses] said, "You have already known that none has sent down these [signs] except the Lord of the heavens and the earth as evidence, and indeed I think, O Pharaoh, that you are destroyed."
لقد علمت ما أنزل هؤلاء إلا رب السماوات والأرض بصائر وإني لأظنك يا فرعون مثبوراAnd Allah, the Exalted, said:
And they rejected them, while their [inner] selves were convinced thereof, out of injustice
وجحدوا بها واستيقنتها أنفسهم ظلماbut indeed, I think he is a liar.
وإني لأظنه كاذباbut indeed, I think he is a liar.
وإني لأظنه كاذباAnd thus was made attractive to Pharaoh the evil of his deed, and he was averted from the [right] way.
وكذلك زين لفرعون سوء عمله وصد عن السبيلThus We have made pleasing to every community their deeds
كذلك زينا لكل أمة عملهمthe evil of his deed, and he was averted from the [right] way
سوء عمله وصد عن السبيلfrom the path
عن السبيلturned away
صدand he was averted from the [right] way
وصد عن السبيلAnd the plan of Pharaoh was not except in ruin.
وما كيد فرعون إلا في تبابAnd the plan of Pharaoh was not except in ruin.
وما كيد فرعون إلا في تبابIs "ma" (ما) here Hijazi or Tamimi? It is Hijazi and negated, meaning that it does not operate, and the affirmation (isbat) invalidated its operation. Ibn Malik says: "The operation of 'laysa' (ليس) is not what I operated, except what is below 'inna' (إن) with the remaining negation."
And the negation here did not remain, so based on this, we say it is negated due to the invalidation of the negation and its removal by "illa" (إلا).
