One who abandons prayer does not have fasting made up on his behalf
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Question: My mother passed away some time ago and never fasted Ramadan, nor did she pray except in the last year of her life. She intended to perform Hajj to the House of Allah, but the decree of Allah occurred before the season of Hajj. Is it permissible for me to fast on her behalf for the months she did not fast? Knowing that before her death she had started praying. Also, am I allowed to perform Hajj on her behalf? And are there ways or acts of worship I can perform and dedicate their reward to my mother? I ask for an answer. May Allah reward you with the best reward for Islam and the Muslims.
Answer: You are not required to make up the fasting your mother left off along with her abandonment of prayer; because abandoning prayer is disbelief that invalidates the deeds; due to the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him):Sunan Ibn Majah 1079Sahih (Darussalam) narrated by Imam Ahmad and the people of the Sunan from Buraydah ibn al-Husayb (may Allah be pleased with him) with a sound chain, and there are other hadiths in this chapter indicating that.
However, if she left off some fasting after Allah guided her to perform prayer, it is prescribed for you to make it up; due to the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him):Riyad as-Salihin 1858 agreed upon as authentic from the hadith of Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her). If she did not fast and none of her relatives or others made it up, then feed on her behalf one poor person for every day half a sa' (a dry measure of about 3 kg) of the staple food of the country, whether dates, rice, or otherwise.
It is also prescribed for you to increase in supplication for her and give charity on her behalf, hoping that Allah will benefit her with that, provided you do not know that something occurred from her before her death that necessitates her apostasy from Islam. It is also prescribed for you to perform Hajj on her behalf, and if she was wealthy in her lifetime, it is obligatory for you to perform Hajj on her behalf from her money. May Allah guide you and assist you in all good.
Answer: You are not required to make up the fasting your mother left off along with her abandonment of prayer; because abandoning prayer is disbelief that invalidates the deeds; due to the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him):
The covenant that distinguishes between us and them is prayer; so whoever leaves it, he has committed Kufr.
العهد الذي بيننا وبينهم الصلاة فمن تركها فقد كفرHowever, if she left off some fasting after Allah guided her to perform prayer, it is prescribed for you to make it up; due to the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him):
If a person dies without observing Saum (fasts), his Wali should make it up on his behalf.
من مات وعليه صوم صام عنه وليهIt is also prescribed for you to increase in supplication for her and give charity on her behalf, hoping that Allah will benefit her with that, provided you do not know that something occurred from her before her death that necessitates her apostasy from Islam. It is also prescribed for you to perform Hajj on her behalf, and if she was wealthy in her lifetime, it is obligatory for you to perform Hajj on her behalf from her money. May Allah guide you and assist you in all good.
Source
binbaz.org.sa
The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.