Ruling on making up missed prayers and fasts for one who left them due to illness
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Question: My mother used to fast and pray, but she fell severely ill for a period of two years, and Allah took her soul as a result of it. She did not fast or pray during her illness because she was unable to. Do I have to pay an expiation on her behalf, or fast and pray on her behalf? Please inform us, may Allah reward you.
Answer: As long as she died while ill and was unable to fast, you do not have to make up anything on her behalf, and you are not required to feed anyone. As for the prayer, she erred in leaving it, and it was obligatory for her to pray even if she was ill. One does not delay the prayer. It is obligatory for the sick person to pray according to his condition. If he can stand, he prays standing. If he is unable, he prays sitting. If he cannot sit, he prays on his side, and the right side is better than the left if he can. If he cannot pray on his side, he prays lying down. This is how the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) commanded when some of the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) complained of illness to him. He said to him:Sunan Abi Dawud 952Sahih (Al-Albani).
This is the obligation, whether male or female; that is, he intends the pillars of the prayer and its obligations in his heart, and speaks what he is able to. He says the takbir intending the opening of the prayer, then recites the opening supplication, al-Fatihah, and whatever is easy of the Qur'an. Then he says the takbir intending the bowing, and says: Subhana Rabbi al-Azim (Glory to my Lord, the Great). Then he says: Sami' Allahu li-man hamidah (Allah hears the one who praises Him), intending the rising from the bowing, and says: Rabbana wa laka al-hamd (Our Lord, to You belongs all praise) until the end. Then he says the takbir intending the prostration, and says: Subhana Rabbi al-A'la (Glory to my Lord, the Most High). Then he rises saying the takbir, intending the sitting between the two prostrations, and says: Rabbighfir li (My Lord, forgive me). Then he says the takbir intending the second prostration, and so on with the intention and speech.
The prayer is not made up. Rather, it is upon you to supplicate for her, send blessings upon her, and seek forgiveness for her if she was a Muslim who affirmed the oneness of Allah. But if she used to call upon the dead and seek their aid and call upon other than Allah, then do not supplicate for her, because her action is major shirk (associating partners with Allah). And success is from Allah.
Answer: As long as she died while ill and was unable to fast, you do not have to make up anything on her behalf, and you are not required to feed anyone. As for the prayer, she erred in leaving it, and it was obligatory for her to pray even if she was ill. One does not delay the prayer. It is obligatory for the sick person to pray according to his condition. If he can stand, he prays standing. If he is unable, he prays sitting. If he cannot sit, he prays on his side, and the right side is better than the left if he can. If he cannot pray on his side, he prays lying down. This is how the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) commanded when some of the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) complained of illness to him. He said to him:
offer prayer in standing condition; if you are unable to do so, then in sitting condition: if you are then at your side
صل قائمًا فإن لم تستطع فقاعدًا، فإن لم تستطع فعل جنب، فإن لم تستطع فمستلقيًاThis is the obligation, whether male or female; that is, he intends the pillars of the prayer and its obligations in his heart, and speaks what he is able to. He says the takbir intending the opening of the prayer, then recites the opening supplication, al-Fatihah, and whatever is easy of the Qur'an. Then he says the takbir intending the bowing, and says: Subhana Rabbi al-Azim (Glory to my Lord, the Great). Then he says: Sami' Allahu li-man hamidah (Allah hears the one who praises Him), intending the rising from the bowing, and says: Rabbana wa laka al-hamd (Our Lord, to You belongs all praise) until the end. Then he says the takbir intending the prostration, and says: Subhana Rabbi al-A'la (Glory to my Lord, the Most High). Then he rises saying the takbir, intending the sitting between the two prostrations, and says: Rabbighfir li (My Lord, forgive me). Then he says the takbir intending the second prostration, and so on with the intention and speech.
The prayer is not made up. Rather, it is upon you to supplicate for her, send blessings upon her, and seek forgiveness for her if she was a Muslim who affirmed the oneness of Allah. But if she used to call upon the dead and seek their aid and call upon other than Allah, then do not supplicate for her, because her action is major shirk (associating partners with Allah). And success is from Allah.
Source
binbaz.org.sa
The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.