Explanation of the author's statement: And his saying: "Those who think ill of Allah, upon them is the circle of evil"
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The Shaykh : And his saying [Al-Fath 48:6] Yes, "those who think ill of Allah" refers to the hypocrites and the polytheists. Allah the Exalted said: [Al-Fath 48:6] "Thinking ill" means thinking of a defect, and it is like His saying previously, "the thought of ignorance." So these hypocrites think ill of Allah, and so do the polytheists. Among this is what Ibn al-Qayyim (may Allah have mercy on him) will mention, that they think that the command of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) will diminish, that his religion will be destroyed, and that it is not possible for it to return, and the like of that. Allah the Exalted said: [At-Tawbah 9:98] Is the meaning of "the circle" that which revolves and returns, or is the meaning of "the circle" the line or the wall surrounding a thing, or both meanings?
The student: The first one.
The Shaykh : Both meanings are intended, meaning that evil surrounds them from every side, just as a circle surrounds what is inside it. Also, the circles of evil revolve upon them; the circles of evil revolve around them. So even if they think that Allah the Exalted has abandoned His Messenger and that the command of His Messenger will diminish, the reality is that the circle returns to them.
He said:[Al-Fath 48:6]
The student: Action attribute
The Shaykh : It is an action attribute because it relates to His will. Every attribute that relates to the will of Allah is called by the scholars an action attribute. It was said that anger is taking revenge, and it was said it is the desire to take revenge, and it was said it is an attribute that is not taking revenge nor the desire to take revenge, but rather an attribute upon which taking revenge follows. Which of these statements is most correct? The last attribute, that anger is an attribute, yes, upon which taking revenge follows. Those who denied it and said that Allah does not get angry said that because anger is the boiling of the heart due to the demand for revenge, and therefore his blood boils, his neck veins swell, his face and eyes redden, and his hair bristles from the intensity of anger. And as the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) said: They said that true anger is the boiling of the blood of the heart. And does the Lord (Mighty and Majestic), if He gets angry, mean that the blood of His heart boils? No. So we say to them that this interpretation by which you interpret anger is only the reality of human anger. As for Allah (Mighty and Majestic), His anger is befitting Him, and it does not follow that if it agrees with human anger in meaning, it must agree with it in manner and likeness, for there is nothing like Allah, and He is the All-Hearing, the All-Seeing. And indicating that anger is not taking revenge is His saying: [Az-Zukhruf 43:55] So He made taking revenge follow upon anger, which indicates that it is other than it.
And his saying: What is the curse? It is expulsion and distance from the mercy of Allah. And "He prepared for them Hellfire" means He prepared it for them and made it their dwelling, refuge from Allah. "A destination." What is its grammatical case, my brother?
The student: A specification
The Shaykh : A specification? Correct? Yes... A specification, and the subject is hidden, meaning "Hellfire was a bad destination to which they will become." And this is a blame from Allah (Mighty and Majestic) for this Fire, which is the destination of these people who think ill of Allah, upon whom is the circle of evil. And on this basis, everyone who thinks of Allah what is not befitting Him is one who resembles the polytheists and the... and the hypocrites. Ibn al-Qayyim said in the first verse, yes.
The questioner : ...
The Shaykh : Yes, the connection... because it contradicts the perfection of tawhid (the oneness of Allah) by affirming the perfect, high attributes, for this necessitates affirming the deficient attributes.
those who assume about Allah an assumption of evil nature. Upon them is a misfortune of evil nature; and Allah has become angry with them and has cursed them and prepared for them Hell, and evil it is as a destination.
الظانين بالله ظن السوء عليهم دائرة السوء وغضب الله عليهم ولعنهم وأعد لهم جهنم وساءت مصيراAnd [that] He may punish the hypocrite men and hypocrite women, and the polytheist men and polytheist women - those who assume about Allah an assumption of evil nature
ويعذب المنافقين والمنافقات والمشركين والمشركات الظانين بالله ظن السوءUpon them will be a misfortune of evil
عليهم دائرة السوءThe student: The first one.
The Shaykh : Both meanings are intended, meaning that evil surrounds them from every side, just as a circle surrounds what is inside it. Also, the circles of evil revolve upon them; the circles of evil revolve around them. So even if they think that Allah the Exalted has abandoned His Messenger and that the command of His Messenger will diminish, the reality is that the circle returns to them.
He said:
and Allah has become angry with them and has cursed them
وغضب الله عليهم ولعنهمThe student: Action attribute
The Shaykh : It is an action attribute because it relates to His will. Every attribute that relates to the will of Allah is called by the scholars an action attribute. It was said that anger is taking revenge, and it was said it is the desire to take revenge, and it was said it is an attribute that is not taking revenge nor the desire to take revenge, but rather an attribute upon which taking revenge follows. Which of these statements is most correct? The last attribute, that anger is an attribute, yes, upon which taking revenge follows. Those who denied it and said that Allah does not get angry said that because anger is the boiling of the heart due to the demand for revenge, and therefore his blood boils, his neck veins swell, his face and eyes redden, and his hair bristles from the intensity of anger. And as the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
It is a spark that Satan throws into the heart of the son of Adam.
إنه جمرة يلقيها الشيطان في قلب ابن آدمAnd when they angered Us, We took retribution from them
فلما آسفونا انتقمنا منهمAnd his saying:
And He has cursed them.
ولعنهمAnd it is a bad destination.
وساءت مصيراThe student: A specification
The Shaykh : A specification? Correct? Yes... A specification, and the subject is hidden, meaning "Hellfire was a bad destination to which they will become." And this is a blame from Allah (Mighty and Majestic) for this Fire, which is the destination of these people who think ill of Allah, upon whom is the circle of evil. And on this basis, everyone who thinks of Allah what is not befitting Him is one who resembles the polytheists and the... and the hypocrites. Ibn al-Qayyim said in the first verse, yes.
The questioner : ...
The Shaykh : Yes, the connection... because it contradicts the perfection of tawhid (the oneness of Allah) by affirming the perfect, high attributes, for this necessitates affirming the deficient attributes.