Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "And the second is deficient, and its accusative is apparent *** and its nominative is intended, and likewise its genitive."
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The Shaykh :"And the second is deficient, and its accusative is apparent *** and its nominative is intended, and likewise its genitive"
What is the second? It is the *murtaqi* (rising), because it is defective by the letter *ya*, it is called *munqas* (deficient). "Its accusative is apparent" means that the sign of the accusative case, which is the *fathah*, appears on it.
"And its nominative is intended, and likewise its genitive" means that the *dammah* is estimated for it, and the *kasrah* is estimated for it. Are you with us, everyone? Good. And likewise, for the word defective by the letter *waw*, the *fathah* appears on it, and the *dammah* and *kasrah* are estimated for it. An example of that in the defective by *ya* is *al-akh* (the brother).
The student: *al-Mustafa*.
The Shaykh : This is defective by *ya*, its end is an *alif*. *Jaa'a al-Qadi* (The judge came). *Jaa'a al-Qadi* (The judge came). Parse it.
*Jaa'a*: Past tense verb.
*Al-Qadi*: Nominative subject, and its sign of nominative is a *dammah* estimated on the *ya*, prevented from appearing by heaviness. We do not say "impossibility"; you can say *Jaa'a al-Qadi-u*, but this is heavy on the tongue, so you say: prevented from appearing by heaviness. *Marrtu bi-al-Qadi* (I passed by the judge). *Marrtu* is a verb and a subject, and *ba* is a preposition, and *al-Qadi* is a noun in the genitive case by *ba*, and its sign of genitive is a *kasrah* estimated on the *ya*, prevented from appearing by heaviness. And we do not say "impossibility" because you can say *Marrtu bi-al-Qadi-i*, but this is heavy—may Allah have mercy on you. For this reason, the scholars said: prevented from appearing by heaviness. Good. In the case of *waw*, *Samandu*. *Samandu*. Yes.
The student: *Kamandu*.
The Shaykh : What?
The student: *Kamandu*.
The Shaykh : *Samandu*.
The student: With the *kaf*, *Kamandu*.
The Shaykh : ... No, you are mistaken. This is called *Kamandus*, not *Samandu*. I think it is the name of a tree used as an example by grammarians. Yes, *Samandu*. Its end is a *waw*, and the letter before it is *dammah*. The *fathah* appears on it, but the *kasrah* and *dammah* do not appear on it. So it is parsed in the genitive case with a *kasrah* estimated on its end, prevented from appearing by heaviness. And in the genitive case, in the nominative case, with a *dammah* estimated on its end, prevented from appearing by heaviness. And as for the accusative case, a *fathah* appears on it. Good.
What is the second? It is the *murtaqi* (rising), because it is defective by the letter *ya*, it is called *munqas* (deficient). "Its accusative is apparent" means that the sign of the accusative case, which is the *fathah*, appears on it.
"And its nominative is intended, and likewise its genitive" means that the *dammah* is estimated for it, and the *kasrah* is estimated for it. Are you with us, everyone? Good. And likewise, for the word defective by the letter *waw*, the *fathah* appears on it, and the *dammah* and *kasrah* are estimated for it. An example of that in the defective by *ya* is *al-akh* (the brother).
The student: *al-Mustafa*.
The Shaykh : This is defective by *ya*, its end is an *alif*. *Jaa'a al-Qadi* (The judge came). *Jaa'a al-Qadi* (The judge came). Parse it.
*Jaa'a*: Past tense verb.
*Al-Qadi*: Nominative subject, and its sign of nominative is a *dammah* estimated on the *ya*, prevented from appearing by heaviness. We do not say "impossibility"; you can say *Jaa'a al-Qadi-u*, but this is heavy on the tongue, so you say: prevented from appearing by heaviness. *Marrtu bi-al-Qadi* (I passed by the judge). *Marrtu* is a verb and a subject, and *ba* is a preposition, and *al-Qadi* is a noun in the genitive case by *ba*, and its sign of genitive is a *kasrah* estimated on the *ya*, prevented from appearing by heaviness. And we do not say "impossibility" because you can say *Marrtu bi-al-Qadi-i*, but this is heavy—may Allah have mercy on you. For this reason, the scholars said: prevented from appearing by heaviness. Good. In the case of *waw*, *Samandu*. *Samandu*. Yes.
The student: *Kamandu*.
The Shaykh : What?
The student: *Kamandu*.
The Shaykh : *Samandu*.
The student: With the *kaf*, *Kamandu*.
The Shaykh : ... No, you are mistaken. This is called *Kamandus*, not *Samandu*. I think it is the name of a tree used as an example by grammarians. Yes, *Samandu*. Its end is a *waw*, and the letter before it is *dammah*. The *fathah* appears on it, but the *kasrah* and *dammah* do not appear on it. So it is parsed in the genitive case with a *kasrah* estimated on its end, prevented from appearing by heaviness. And in the genitive case, in the nominative case, with a *dammah* estimated on its end, prevented from appearing by heaviness. And as for the accusative case, a *fathah* appears on it. Good.