Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "Just as 'ayy' is declined, so is 'ma' when not attached to a noun *** and the beginning of its relative clause is a deleted pronoun."
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The Shaykh : The author said: "Just as 'ayy' is", this is the beginning of today's lesson, "Just as 'ayy' is":
What does Ibn Malik mean by 'ayy'? He means the 'ma' that preceded in his speech, "And 'man' and 'ma' and 'al' are equal to what was mentioned", so is 'ayy' like the relative pronoun, meaning is 'ayy' used as a general or specific relative pronoun?
The student: General.
The Shaykh : General, just as, "Just as 'ayy' is", and we know that 'ayy' has usages; it often comes as an interrogative, and it comes as a conditional. As an interrogative you say: Which of the two men stood? As a conditional:[Al-Isra 17:110], does it come as a relative pronoun? The majority of grammarians hold that it comes as a relative pronoun, and Ibn Malik followed this in his saying: "Just as 'ayy' is",
And some scholars, scholars of grammar, said: "That 'ayy' does not come as a relative pronoun, it does not come except as a conditional or interrogative", did you understand? Good, but if something is found that appears to be a relative pronoun, then in their view it is interpreted until it becomes an interrogative. This is the disagreement. "Ayy is just as", he said: "And it was declined when not attached": to the end, when he mentioned its ruling in that it comes as a relative pronoun, he mentioned its ruling regarding declension, meaning if it comes as a relative pronoun, is it built as is the case with relative pronouns, or is it declined?
He detailed it, he said: It was declined except under two conditions, it was declined except under two conditions, is that clear, everyone?
The student: It is clear.
The Shaykh : Good, the first research is in: 'ayy, does it come as a relative pronoun or not? The answer?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : Most grammarians hold that it comes as a relative pronoun, and it was said: it does not come except as a conditional or interrogative. This is one. The second research: and if it is a relative pronoun, is it declined, or is it built? Meaning is it built like the other relative pronouns, because all the relative pronouns that have passed us are built, or is it declined? The author mentioned that it is declined except under two conditions, and his saying: "It was declined except under two conditions", indicates that the majority of it is?
The student: Declension.
The Shaykh : Declension, because building is possible, possible over declension, he said:
"It was declined when not attached *** and the beginning of its relative clause is a deleted pronoun"
: Meaning when it is not attached to a noun, and the beginning of its relative clause means: the beginning of its relative clause is a deleted pronoun, meaning: if it comes attached to a noun, and its relative clause is nominal, and the beginning of the relative clause is deleted, then at that time it is built. So it is built under two conditions: that it be attached to a noun, and second: that the beginning of its relative clause be a pronoun. And if the beginning of the relative clause is a pronoun, does the relative clause become nominal or verbal?
The student: Nominal.
The Shaykh : Nominal, the relative clause becomes nominal, and on this we say: 'ayy' is built under two conditions: the first: that it be attached to a noun, and the second: that its relative clause be nominal with its beginning deleted. And if it is nominal with its beginning deleted, it must be a pronoun, for this reason he said:
"And the beginning of its relative clause", and its relative clause means? Here?
The student: Its relative clause.
The Shaykh : Its relative clause, "a deleted pronoun", and it cannot be a pronoun unless the sentence is nominal. Good, his saying: "And the beginning of its relative clause", the waw we parse as a state, meaning: when not attached, and the state is that the beginning of its relative clause is a deleted pronoun. The author (may Allah have mercy on him) benefited us with his saying: "when not attached" to the end, that it comes not attached, that it may come not attached, and he benefited us with his saying: "And the beginning of its relative clause is a pronoun": that it comes and the beginning of its relative clause is not a pronoun, and that is if its relative clause is a verbal sentence, and he benefited us with his saying:
"a deleted pronoun": that if it is present, then it is declined, because it is not built except under the two conditions: that it be attached, and that the beginning of its relative clause be a deleted pronoun. Did you understand or not?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Good, I like 'ayy' who is standing, I like 'ayy' who is standing, in this example is it declined or built?
The student: Declined.
The Shaykh : Declined?!
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Why?
The student: The two conditions are missing.
The Shaykh : Because the two conditions are missing, here the two conditions are missing, so it is not attached to a noun, and the beginning of its relative clause is a present pronoun, so the two conditions are missing. Good, I like 'ayy' of them who is standing?
The student: Declined.
The Shaykh : Declined?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : And what is missing?
The student: The pronoun.
The Shaykh : That the beginning of the relative clause was not deleted, it is present. Good, I like 'ayy' standing?
The student: Declined.
The Shaykh : We mentioned it, we mentioned it!
The student: Yes, there is nothing in it.
The Shaykh : Good, there is nothing in it, I like 'ayy' standing?
The student: Declined.
The Shaykh : Why?
The student: Not attached to a noun.
The Shaykh : Because it was not attached to a noun, it is true that the beginning of its relative clause is a deleted pronoun, but it was not attached to a noun. 'Ayy' standing, this is declined. I like 'ayy' of them standing?
The student: Built.
The Shaykh : Built why?
The student: Because it is attached to a noun.
The Shaykh : Because it is attached to a noun, and the beginning of its relative clause is a deleted pronoun, the beginning of its relative clause is a deleted pronoun. I like 'ayy' of them stood?
The student: Built.
The Shaykh : I like 'ayy' of them stood?
The student: Built.
Another student: Declined.
The Shaykh : Declined, built, there are two aspects!!
The student: Built.
The Shaykh : What?
The student: Declined.
The Shaykh : I like 'ayy' of them stood!
The student: Declined.
The Shaykh : Good, now we see, is it attached to a noun now or not attached?
The student: Attached to a noun.
The Shaykh : Is the condition present, one of the conditions is present, or not?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Is one of the conditions present?
The student: Present.
The Shaykh : Good, its relative clause is a verbal sentence, if it is a verbal sentence it is not possible for the beginning of its relative clause to be a pronoun, because it cannot be a pronoun unless the sentence is nominal. So: I like 'ayy' of them stood, this is declined, because although it is attached to a noun now, the beginning of its relative clause is not a deleted pronoun. Is that clear, brothers?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : These are four forms now.
The student: Not clear.
The Shaykh : There is no god but Allah, it does not contradict, knowledge is through learning. Now an example: I like 'ayy' who is standing, what do you say, Sharafi?
The student: This is not attached to a noun.
The Shaykh : I am asking you is it declined or built?
The student: By Allah, O Shaykh, the conditions have become confused in it.
The Shaykh : It is not considered anything, meaning it is clear, it is built if it is attached to a noun, and the beginning of its relative clause is deleted, and I told you: it is not possible for the beginning of its relative clause to be deleted unless the sentence is nominal, right or not? Good, I like 'ayy' who is standing, what do you say, Sharafi, built or declined?
The student: This is built.
The Shaykh : Is it attached to a noun?
The student: It is not attached to a noun so it is built.
The Shaykh : Good, it is not attached to a noun, and the beginning of its relative clause is not a deleted pronoun.
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : So it missed the two conditions, or not? Good, what does it become?
The student: Declined.
The Shaykh : Declined, it becomes declined. I like 'ayy' of them who is standing?
The student: Declined.
The Shaykh : Also declined?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Good, I like 'ayy' who is standing?
The student: Declined.
The Shaykh : I like 'ayy' standing?
The student: Declined.
The Shaykh : Declined, yes, no, it is declined, if it is not attached to a noun, do not think, just say immediately: it is declined, did you understand?
The student: 'Ayy' of them standing?
The Shaykh : No, 'ayy' standing. Good, I like 'ayy' of them standing?
The student: Built.
The Shaykh : I like 'ayy' of them standing?
The student: Attached to a noun.
The Shaykh : Built, because it is attached to a noun, and the beginning of the relative clause is deleted, the estimation is: I like 'ayy' of them who is standing. Is that complete or not?
The student: Complete.
The Shaykh : Good, if I said: I honor 'ayy' who is standing, I honor 'ayy' who is standing?
The student: Declined.
The Shaykh : Declined?
The student: Yes, declined.
The Shaykh : And for that reason we put it in the accusative case, it became accusative. Good, I passed by 'ayy' who is standing?
The student: Declined.
The Shaykh : Declined, like this? Good, I passed by 'ayy' of them standing?
The student: Built.
The Shaykh : I am seeing if my pronunciation is correct or not?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : I passed by 'ayy' of them standing?
The student: Incorrect.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: Built.
The Shaykh : Allah is the helper!! I am not telling you it is built or not, is my pronunciation correct or not? I passed by 'ayy' of them standing?
The student: Incorrect.
The Shaykh : A mistake?
The student: Incorrect.
The Shaykh : The correct one?
The student: By 'ayy' of them standing.
The Shaykh : By 'ayy' of them standing, why? Because it is attached to a noun, and the beginning of the relative clause is a deleted pronoun, so it is built on the damma. Did you understand or not?
The student: Built, give us the evidence, O Shaykh!
The Shaykh : No, my brother, building on the damma is when it is attached to a noun, and the beginning of its relative clause is deleted, these two conditions. So if you see it is not attached to a noun, what do you say? Immediately you say?
The student: Declined.
The Shaykh : Declined, if its relative clause is a verb, what do you say?
The student: Declined.
The Shaykh : It is inflected throughout, if it is a nominal sentence and the pronoun is present?
The student: It is inflected.
The Shaykh : It is inflected; it is not built on the damma (raised vowel) unless it is attached to a following noun, and the beginning of the relative clause is omitted. Is that clear?
The student: It is clear.
The Shaykh : All right, I don't think you need me to explain,[Maryam 19:69]?
The student: It is built.
The Shaykh : Built?
The student: Yes.
Another student: Inflected, inflected.
The Shaykh : Ah!
The student: Because it is verbal!
The Shaykh : All right, wait, this has no bearing on the topic, [Maryam 19:69]
The student: It is inflected.
The Shaykh : The relative pronoun is "ayy," right or not?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Is it attached to a following noun or not?
The student: It is attached.
The Shaykh : "Ashadd" (most severe): it is the predicate of an omitted subject. The intended meaning is: "Which of them is the most severe," which of them is the most severe. It is built, and for this reason it has a damma, which you will find now, even though the verb is applied to it. If it were inflected, it would be said: "Then We will surely pull out from every faction whichever of them is most rebellious against the Most Merciful." Is that clear, everyone? All right, Ibn Malik said: Yes, let us ask first: "ayy kama", is this agreed upon by the grammarians?
The student: Yes.
Another student: No.
The Shaykh :"ayy kama" is agreed upon by the grammarians?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : No, but it is the opinion of the majority. The second opinion says: "ayy" can never be a relative pronoun; rather, it is either interrogative or conditional. All right,
"And it was inflected when not attached, *** And the beginning of its relative clause is a pronoun that was deleted".
What does Ibn Malik mean by 'ayy'? He means the 'ma' that preceded in his speech, "And 'man' and 'ma' and 'al' are equal to what was mentioned", so is 'ayy' like the relative pronoun, meaning is 'ayy' used as a general or specific relative pronoun?
The student: General.
The Shaykh : General, just as, "Just as 'ayy' is", and we know that 'ayy' has usages; it often comes as an interrogative, and it comes as a conditional. As an interrogative you say: Which of the two men stood? As a conditional:
Whichever [name] you call - to Him belong the best names.
أيًّا ما تدعو فله الأسماء الحسنىAnd some scholars, scholars of grammar, said: "That 'ayy' does not come as a relative pronoun, it does not come except as a conditional or interrogative", did you understand? Good, but if something is found that appears to be a relative pronoun, then in their view it is interpreted until it becomes an interrogative. This is the disagreement. "Ayy is just as", he said: "And it was declined when not attached": to the end, when he mentioned its ruling in that it comes as a relative pronoun, he mentioned its ruling regarding declension, meaning if it comes as a relative pronoun, is it built as is the case with relative pronouns, or is it declined?
He detailed it, he said: It was declined except under two conditions, it was declined except under two conditions, is that clear, everyone?
The student: It is clear.
The Shaykh : Good, the first research is in: 'ayy, does it come as a relative pronoun or not? The answer?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : Most grammarians hold that it comes as a relative pronoun, and it was said: it does not come except as a conditional or interrogative. This is one. The second research: and if it is a relative pronoun, is it declined, or is it built? Meaning is it built like the other relative pronouns, because all the relative pronouns that have passed us are built, or is it declined? The author mentioned that it is declined except under two conditions, and his saying: "It was declined except under two conditions", indicates that the majority of it is?
The student: Declension.
The Shaykh : Declension, because building is possible, possible over declension, he said:
"It was declined when not attached *** and the beginning of its relative clause is a deleted pronoun"
: Meaning when it is not attached to a noun, and the beginning of its relative clause means: the beginning of its relative clause is a deleted pronoun, meaning: if it comes attached to a noun, and its relative clause is nominal, and the beginning of the relative clause is deleted, then at that time it is built. So it is built under two conditions: that it be attached to a noun, and second: that the beginning of its relative clause be a pronoun. And if the beginning of the relative clause is a pronoun, does the relative clause become nominal or verbal?
The student: Nominal.
The Shaykh : Nominal, the relative clause becomes nominal, and on this we say: 'ayy' is built under two conditions: the first: that it be attached to a noun, and the second: that its relative clause be nominal with its beginning deleted. And if it is nominal with its beginning deleted, it must be a pronoun, for this reason he said:
"And the beginning of its relative clause", and its relative clause means? Here?
The student: Its relative clause.
The Shaykh : Its relative clause, "a deleted pronoun", and it cannot be a pronoun unless the sentence is nominal. Good, his saying: "And the beginning of its relative clause", the waw we parse as a state, meaning: when not attached, and the state is that the beginning of its relative clause is a deleted pronoun. The author (may Allah have mercy on him) benefited us with his saying: "when not attached" to the end, that it comes not attached, that it may come not attached, and he benefited us with his saying: "And the beginning of its relative clause is a pronoun": that it comes and the beginning of its relative clause is not a pronoun, and that is if its relative clause is a verbal sentence, and he benefited us with his saying:
"a deleted pronoun": that if it is present, then it is declined, because it is not built except under the two conditions: that it be attached, and that the beginning of its relative clause be a deleted pronoun. Did you understand or not?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Good, I like 'ayy' who is standing, I like 'ayy' who is standing, in this example is it declined or built?
The student: Declined.
The Shaykh : Declined?!
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Why?
The student: The two conditions are missing.
The Shaykh : Because the two conditions are missing, here the two conditions are missing, so it is not attached to a noun, and the beginning of its relative clause is a present pronoun, so the two conditions are missing. Good, I like 'ayy' of them who is standing?
The student: Declined.
The Shaykh : Declined?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : And what is missing?
The student: The pronoun.
The Shaykh : That the beginning of the relative clause was not deleted, it is present. Good, I like 'ayy' standing?
The student: Declined.
The Shaykh : We mentioned it, we mentioned it!
The student: Yes, there is nothing in it.
The Shaykh : Good, there is nothing in it, I like 'ayy' standing?
The student: Declined.
The Shaykh : Why?
The student: Not attached to a noun.
The Shaykh : Because it was not attached to a noun, it is true that the beginning of its relative clause is a deleted pronoun, but it was not attached to a noun. 'Ayy' standing, this is declined. I like 'ayy' of them standing?
The student: Built.
The Shaykh : Built why?
The student: Because it is attached to a noun.
The Shaykh : Because it is attached to a noun, and the beginning of its relative clause is a deleted pronoun, the beginning of its relative clause is a deleted pronoun. I like 'ayy' of them stood?
The student: Built.
The Shaykh : I like 'ayy' of them stood?
The student: Built.
Another student: Declined.
The Shaykh : Declined, built, there are two aspects!!
The student: Built.
The Shaykh : What?
The student: Declined.
The Shaykh : I like 'ayy' of them stood!
The student: Declined.
The Shaykh : Good, now we see, is it attached to a noun now or not attached?
The student: Attached to a noun.
The Shaykh : Is the condition present, one of the conditions is present, or not?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Is one of the conditions present?
The student: Present.
The Shaykh : Good, its relative clause is a verbal sentence, if it is a verbal sentence it is not possible for the beginning of its relative clause to be a pronoun, because it cannot be a pronoun unless the sentence is nominal. So: I like 'ayy' of them stood, this is declined, because although it is attached to a noun now, the beginning of its relative clause is not a deleted pronoun. Is that clear, brothers?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : These are four forms now.
The student: Not clear.
The Shaykh : There is no god but Allah, it does not contradict, knowledge is through learning. Now an example: I like 'ayy' who is standing, what do you say, Sharafi?
The student: This is not attached to a noun.
The Shaykh : I am asking you is it declined or built?
The student: By Allah, O Shaykh, the conditions have become confused in it.
The Shaykh : It is not considered anything, meaning it is clear, it is built if it is attached to a noun, and the beginning of its relative clause is deleted, and I told you: it is not possible for the beginning of its relative clause to be deleted unless the sentence is nominal, right or not? Good, I like 'ayy' who is standing, what do you say, Sharafi, built or declined?
The student: This is built.
The Shaykh : Is it attached to a noun?
The student: It is not attached to a noun so it is built.
The Shaykh : Good, it is not attached to a noun, and the beginning of its relative clause is not a deleted pronoun.
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : So it missed the two conditions, or not? Good, what does it become?
The student: Declined.
The Shaykh : Declined, it becomes declined. I like 'ayy' of them who is standing?
The student: Declined.
The Shaykh : Also declined?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Good, I like 'ayy' who is standing?
The student: Declined.
The Shaykh : I like 'ayy' standing?
The student: Declined.
The Shaykh : Declined, yes, no, it is declined, if it is not attached to a noun, do not think, just say immediately: it is declined, did you understand?
The student: 'Ayy' of them standing?
The Shaykh : No, 'ayy' standing. Good, I like 'ayy' of them standing?
The student: Built.
The Shaykh : I like 'ayy' of them standing?
The student: Attached to a noun.
The Shaykh : Built, because it is attached to a noun, and the beginning of the relative clause is deleted, the estimation is: I like 'ayy' of them who is standing. Is that complete or not?
The student: Complete.
The Shaykh : Good, if I said: I honor 'ayy' who is standing, I honor 'ayy' who is standing?
The student: Declined.
The Shaykh : Declined?
The student: Yes, declined.
The Shaykh : And for that reason we put it in the accusative case, it became accusative. Good, I passed by 'ayy' who is standing?
The student: Declined.
The Shaykh : Declined, like this? Good, I passed by 'ayy' of them standing?
The student: Built.
The Shaykh : I am seeing if my pronunciation is correct or not?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : I passed by 'ayy' of them standing?
The student: Incorrect.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: Built.
The Shaykh : Allah is the helper!! I am not telling you it is built or not, is my pronunciation correct or not? I passed by 'ayy' of them standing?
The student: Incorrect.
The Shaykh : A mistake?
The student: Incorrect.
The Shaykh : The correct one?
The student: By 'ayy' of them standing.
The Shaykh : By 'ayy' of them standing, why? Because it is attached to a noun, and the beginning of the relative clause is a deleted pronoun, so it is built on the damma. Did you understand or not?
The student: Built, give us the evidence, O Shaykh!
The Shaykh : No, my brother, building on the damma is when it is attached to a noun, and the beginning of its relative clause is deleted, these two conditions. So if you see it is not attached to a noun, what do you say? Immediately you say?
The student: Declined.
The Shaykh : Declined, if its relative clause is a verb, what do you say?
The student: Declined.
The Shaykh : It is inflected throughout, if it is a nominal sentence and the pronoun is present?
The student: It is inflected.
The Shaykh : It is inflected; it is not built on the damma (raised vowel) unless it is attached to a following noun, and the beginning of the relative clause is omitted. Is that clear?
The student: It is clear.
The Shaykh : All right, I don't think you need me to explain,
Then We will surely extract from every sect those of them who were worst against the Most Merciful in insolence.
ثم لننزعَنَّ مِن كلِّ شيعةٍ أيُّهم أشدُّ على الرحمن عِتِيًّاThe student: It is built.
The Shaykh : Built?
The student: Yes.
Another student: Inflected, inflected.
The Shaykh : Ah!
The student: Because it is verbal!
The Shaykh : All right, wait,
Then We will surely pull out
ثُمَّ لَننزِعَنَّfrom every sect those of them who were worst against the Most Merciful in insolence.
مِن كلِّ شيعةٍ أيُّهم أشدُّ على الرحمن عِتِيًّاThe student: It is inflected.
The Shaykh : The relative pronoun is "ayy," right or not?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Is it attached to a following noun or not?
The student: It is attached.
The Shaykh : "Ashadd" (most severe): it is the predicate of an omitted subject. The intended meaning is: "Which of them is the most severe," which of them is the most severe. It is built, and for this reason it has a damma, which you will find now, even though the verb is applied to it. If it were inflected, it would be said: "Then We will surely pull out from every faction whichever of them is most rebellious against the Most Merciful." Is that clear, everyone? All right, Ibn Malik said: Yes, let us ask first: "ayy kama", is this agreed upon by the grammarians?
The student: Yes.
Another student: No.
The Shaykh :"ayy kama" is agreed upon by the grammarians?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : No, but it is the opinion of the majority. The second opinion says: "ayy" can never be a relative pronoun; rather, it is either interrogative or conditional. All right,
"And it was inflected when not attached, *** And the beginning of its relative clause is a pronoun that was deleted".