The Discussion on Words Declined by Vowels and Words Declined by Letters
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The Shaykh : Our Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) and his family and all his Companions. The sound feminine plural deviates from the original rule in what respect, O Hidayat Allah?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : The sound feminine plural deviates from the original rule.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : The sound feminine plural deviates from the original rule.
The student: In the fathah, meaning it is marked for accusative with a kasrah.
The Shaykh : Well done. In the state of accusative, in the state of accusative it is marked with a kasrah. Good. And the indeclinable noun deviates from the original rule.
The student: In the genitive.
The Shaykh : In the state of genitive.
The student: That it is marked for genitive with a fathah.
The Shaykh : Yes. And the present tense verb with a defective final letter deviates from the original rule in the state of jussive, where it is marked for jussive
The student: ...
The Shaykh : by deleting its final letter. Well done. Good. Which words are declined by letters? Who is it that is declined by letters? Come on, O Nazim? By what are they marked for nominative, accusative, and genitive?
The student: The five nouns are marked for nominative... with a waw, and marked for accusative with an alif, and marked for genitive with a ya.
The Shaykh : Correct. Good. By what does the sound masculine plural deviate from the original rule? Yes.
The student: The sound masculine plural deviates from the original rule; it is marked for nominative with a waw.
The Shaykh : In place of the dammah.
The student: And it is marked for genitive with a ya.
The Shaykh : Yes, in place of...
The student: In place of...
The Shaykh : The kasrah.
The student: The kasrah.
The Shaykh : Fine.
The student: And it is marked for accusative with a ya.
The Shaykh : In place of...
The student: The fathah.
The Shaykh : The fathah. Good, that's it. In what do the dual and the sound masculine plural share in declension? Yes, correct.
The student: The dual and the sound masculine plural.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: In the state of genitive and accusative.
The Shaykh : Well done. In the state of genitive and accusative, both are marked for genitive and accusative.
The student: And marked for accusative with a ya.
The Shaykh : With a ya. That's it. In what do the sound masculine plural and the five nouns share? You are here.
The student: They are marked for nominative with a waw. The nominative is with a waw.
The Shaykh : In the state of nominative only, or in the state of nominative and genitive?
The student: In the state of nominative.
The Shaykh : In the state of nominative only.
The student: And genitive, yes.
The Shaykh : And genitive?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Good. In the state of nominative and accusative?
The student: The five nouns with an alif.
The Shaykh : I am not asking you by what they are marked for accusative. Do they share with the sound masculine plural in the accusative or not?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : No. Therefore, the five nouns share with the sound masculine plural in the state of nominative
The student: And khafdh.
The Shaykh : and genitive. Good. By what do the five nouns and the dual share, O Bukhari? In what do they share? Only in the state of genitive. Good. The dual is marked for nominative with an alif, and the five nouns are also declined with an alif. Ah, or is it the alif of the dual, like al-Zaydaniyyan, and in the five nouns, like Abak? Here.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Yes. Therefore, the five nouns do not share with the dual except in the state of genitive. Good. What do the five nouns share with the sound masculine plural in the state of accusative, Ahmad?
The student: In the state of accusative.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: In the ya.
The Shaykh : The five nouns and the sound masculine plural in the state of accusative.
The student: The five nouns
The Shaykh : Yes, and the sound masculine plural.
The student: The five nouns are marked for accusative with an alif.
The Shaykh : And the sound masculine plural
The student: With the yaa
The Shaykh : And what do you say, everyone? Correct.
The student: ... Does he say the sound masculine plural is marked for accusative with an alif?
The Shaykh : No, he says: The five nouns are marked for accusative with an alif, and the sound masculine plural is marked for accusative with a ya, so they do not share in the state of accusative. Good. The present tense verb when it is connected with the alif of the two, or the waw of the group, or the ya of the addressee, the brother
The student: I
The Shaykh : Yes, correct. By what is it marked for nominative?
The student: By the retention of the nun.
The Shaykh : And by what is it marked for accusative?
The student: By the deletion of the nun.
The Shaykh : And by what is it marked for genitive?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : By what is it marked for jussive? Good, may Allah be pleased with you. By the deletion of the nun. Correct. We raised an objection to this last night, which is the saying of Allah the Exalted: in Surat al-Dhariyat, and we answered it. Good.
The student: The original rule, so they do not hasten me.
The Shaykh : This nun is for protection and is not part of the declension, is it? And for this reason it occurred with a kasrah, so they do not hasten me. Good. Shall we take a new lesson or take examples? Which do you prefer?
The student: New.
The Shaykh : A new lesson. Good.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : The sound feminine plural deviates from the original rule.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : The sound feminine plural deviates from the original rule.
The student: In the fathah, meaning it is marked for accusative with a kasrah.
The Shaykh : Well done. In the state of accusative, in the state of accusative it is marked with a kasrah. Good. And the indeclinable noun deviates from the original rule.
The student: In the genitive.
The Shaykh : In the state of genitive.
The student: That it is marked for genitive with a fathah.
The Shaykh : Yes. And the present tense verb with a defective final letter deviates from the original rule in the state of jussive, where it is marked for jussive
The student: ...
The Shaykh : by deleting its final letter. Well done. Good. Which words are declined by letters? Who is it that is declined by letters? Come on, O Nazim? By what are they marked for nominative, accusative, and genitive?
The student: The five nouns are marked for nominative... with a waw, and marked for accusative with an alif, and marked for genitive with a ya.
The Shaykh : Correct. Good. By what does the sound masculine plural deviate from the original rule? Yes.
The student: The sound masculine plural deviates from the original rule; it is marked for nominative with a waw.
The Shaykh : In place of the dammah.
The student: And it is marked for genitive with a ya.
The Shaykh : Yes, in place of...
The student: In place of...
The Shaykh : The kasrah.
The student: The kasrah.
The Shaykh : Fine.
The student: And it is marked for accusative with a ya.
The Shaykh : In place of...
The student: The fathah.
The Shaykh : The fathah. Good, that's it. In what do the dual and the sound masculine plural share in declension? Yes, correct.
The student: The dual and the sound masculine plural.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: In the state of genitive and accusative.
The Shaykh : Well done. In the state of genitive and accusative, both are marked for genitive and accusative.
The student: And marked for accusative with a ya.
The Shaykh : With a ya. That's it. In what do the sound masculine plural and the five nouns share? You are here.
The student: They are marked for nominative with a waw. The nominative is with a waw.
The Shaykh : In the state of nominative only, or in the state of nominative and genitive?
The student: In the state of nominative.
The Shaykh : In the state of nominative only.
The student: And genitive, yes.
The Shaykh : And genitive?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Good. In the state of nominative and accusative?
The student: The five nouns with an alif.
The Shaykh : I am not asking you by what they are marked for accusative. Do they share with the sound masculine plural in the accusative or not?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : No. Therefore, the five nouns share with the sound masculine plural in the state of nominative
The student: And khafdh.
The Shaykh : and genitive. Good. By what do the five nouns and the dual share, O Bukhari? In what do they share? Only in the state of genitive. Good. The dual is marked for nominative with an alif, and the five nouns are also declined with an alif. Ah, or is it the alif of the dual, like al-Zaydaniyyan, and in the five nouns, like Abak? Here.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Yes. Therefore, the five nouns do not share with the dual except in the state of genitive. Good. What do the five nouns share with the sound masculine plural in the state of accusative, Ahmad?
The student: In the state of accusative.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: In the ya.
The Shaykh : The five nouns and the sound masculine plural in the state of accusative.
The student: The five nouns
The Shaykh : Yes, and the sound masculine plural.
The student: The five nouns are marked for accusative with an alif.
The Shaykh : And the sound masculine plural
The student: With the yaa
The Shaykh : And what do you say, everyone? Correct.
The student: ... Does he say the sound masculine plural is marked for accusative with an alif?
The Shaykh : No, he says: The five nouns are marked for accusative with an alif, and the sound masculine plural is marked for accusative with a ya, so they do not share in the state of accusative. Good. The present tense verb when it is connected with the alif of the two, or the waw of the group, or the ya of the addressee, the brother
The student: I
The Shaykh : Yes, correct. By what is it marked for nominative?
The student: By the retention of the nun.
The Shaykh : And by what is it marked for accusative?
The student: By the deletion of the nun.
The Shaykh : And by what is it marked for genitive?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : By what is it marked for jussive? Good, may Allah be pleased with you. By the deletion of the nun. Correct. We raised an objection to this last night, which is the saying of Allah the Exalted:
So let them not hasten.
فلا يستعجلونThe student: The original rule, so they do not hasten me.
The Shaykh : This nun is for protection and is not part of the declension, is it? And for this reason it occurred with a kasrah, so they do not hasten me. Good. Shall we take a new lesson or take examples? Which do you prefer?
The student: New.
The Shaykh : A new lesson. Good.