Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "The adverb is a time or a place, implied *** in a consistent manner, like 'here' or 'I stayed for a period.'"
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The Shaykh : The author says: "The adverb is a time or a place". Time, this is an adverb of time, or place, this is an adverb of place. So if I say: "I sat for an hour with you," where is the adverb of time?
The student: One hour.
The Shaykh : And the place?
The student: With you.
The Shaykh : With you, yes. "Time or place, implied *** in a consistent manner". Implied: is this alif for duality, or for generality?
The student: For duality.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: The dual.
The Shaykh : No, no, it is for generality, for generality, because he said "time or place." If he had said "time and place," yes, if he had said "time and place," the alif would be for duality. But since he said "or," the meaning is that they do not coexist; it is either this or that. And on this basis, the alif in it is for generality. "Implied" means: it indicates the meaning of "in." It implies the meaning of "in" in a consistent manner, meaning: it indicates the meaning of "in." Yes?
The questioner : Here the author says: alif of two.
The Shaykh : That is not correct. And his saying "in" means: its meaning includes the meaning of "in," the meaning of "in." "In a consistent manner" is a precaution against what implies it by context in one place but not in another, for some words may imply it in one place but not in another. For example: "I resided in the house." The house here implies the meaning of "in," meaning: "I resided in the house." But is it consistent? No. You say "I built the house," does it imply the meaning of "in"?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : No. So we do not parse the house as an adverb, because it does not imply the meaning of "in" in a consistent manner. Rather, what is made an object of preposition is what implies the meaning of "in" in a consistent manner, meaning: in all places. Whenever it comes, it implies the meaning of "in." Then the author gave an example of the two types, and said: "Like 'here' or 'I stayed for a period'". Here, "I stayed," and "a period." Here: an adverb, and "I stayed": an adverb, and "a period": an adverb.
The student: No, "I stayed" is a verb.
The Shaykh : "Here" and "a period" are adverbs, but "I stayed" is a verb. And the word "here": an adverb of place, built on sukun in the position of accusative. Why do we not say it is accusative?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Because it is a demonstrative noun, and the demonstrative noun is built, and the demonstrative noun is built as mentioned before. And his saying: "a period" is the plural of "time," and this is an adverb of time. And it is accusative now, or not? Yes, it is accusative. So "a period": an adverb of time, accusative due to being an adverb, and the sign of its accusative is a visible fathah at its end. So the author (may Allah have mercy on him) came with one example that includes two witnesses, an adverb of place and an adverb of time. "Here": an adverb of place, and "a period": an adverb of time. Good, can we give another example?
The student: Sit here for a time.
The Shaykh : Sit here for a time, ... you say for example: "I traveled for a day, a mile." "A day" is an adverb of time, and "a mile" is an adverb of place, right?
The student: Time.
The Shaykh : An adverb of place, not time.
The student: One hour.
The Shaykh : And the place?
The student: With you.
The Shaykh : With you, yes. "Time or place, implied *** in a consistent manner". Implied: is this alif for duality, or for generality?
The student: For duality.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: The dual.
The Shaykh : No, no, it is for generality, for generality, because he said "time or place." If he had said "time and place," yes, if he had said "time and place," the alif would be for duality. But since he said "or," the meaning is that they do not coexist; it is either this or that. And on this basis, the alif in it is for generality. "Implied" means: it indicates the meaning of "in." It implies the meaning of "in" in a consistent manner, meaning: it indicates the meaning of "in." Yes?
The questioner : Here the author says: alif of two.
The Shaykh : That is not correct. And his saying "in" means: its meaning includes the meaning of "in," the meaning of "in." "In a consistent manner" is a precaution against what implies it by context in one place but not in another, for some words may imply it in one place but not in another. For example: "I resided in the house." The house here implies the meaning of "in," meaning: "I resided in the house." But is it consistent? No. You say "I built the house," does it imply the meaning of "in"?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : No. So we do not parse the house as an adverb, because it does not imply the meaning of "in" in a consistent manner. Rather, what is made an object of preposition is what implies the meaning of "in" in a consistent manner, meaning: in all places. Whenever it comes, it implies the meaning of "in." Then the author gave an example of the two types, and said: "Like 'here' or 'I stayed for a period'". Here, "I stayed," and "a period." Here: an adverb, and "I stayed": an adverb, and "a period": an adverb.
The student: No, "I stayed" is a verb.
The Shaykh : "Here" and "a period" are adverbs, but "I stayed" is a verb. And the word "here": an adverb of place, built on sukun in the position of accusative. Why do we not say it is accusative?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Because it is a demonstrative noun, and the demonstrative noun is built, and the demonstrative noun is built as mentioned before. And his saying: "a period" is the plural of "time," and this is an adverb of time. And it is accusative now, or not? Yes, it is accusative. So "a period": an adverb of time, accusative due to being an adverb, and the sign of its accusative is a visible fathah at its end. So the author (may Allah have mercy on him) came with one example that includes two witnesses, an adverb of place and an adverb of time. "Here": an adverb of place, and "a period": an adverb of time. Good, can we give another example?
The student: Sit here for a time.
The Shaykh : Sit here for a time, ... you say for example: "I traveled for a day, a mile." "A day" is an adverb of time, and "a mile" is an adverb of place, right?
The student: Time.
The Shaykh : An adverb of place, not time.