Explanation of the author's (may Allah have mercy on him) statement: " . . .
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh : All right, regarding the adverb of place, the author says: “And the adverb of place is: the name of a place that is in the accusative case with the implied preposition ‘in,’ such as: in front of, behind, before, after, above, below, at, with, opposite, alongside, facing, then, here, and the like”. These are also examples. The adverb of place is the name of a place that is in the accusative case with the implied preposition ‘in.’ For example: in front of. Is “in front of” an adverb of place or an adverb of time?
The student: An adverb of place.
The Shaykh : An adverb of place. You might say, for example: The house is in front of you. As the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said when Usamah ibn Zayd spoke to him while he was traveling from Muzdalifah to ‘Arafah. He stopped along the way, urinated, and performed ablution, then he said: “The prayer” and he said: So, “in front of” is an adverb of place in the accusative case as an adverb. You also say: I sat in front of the teacher. “In front of”: we say this is an adverb of place. All right, this is “in front of,” and “behind.” You might say, for example: I sat behind my father, I prayed behind the imam. What do we call this?
The student: An adverb of place.
The Shaykh : An adverb of place. All right, if someone says: Allah says:[Al-A'raf 7:17] We say: Yes, indeed, but when “from” came, it did not become accusative. But if you remove “from” from “before them and behind them,” it becomes accusative. All right, in any case, “behind,” unless it is accompanied by a preposition like “from behind,” and “before” and “after.” “Before” and “after” are synonyms for “in front of” and “behind.” For “before,” you might say: I walked before you, I walked after you, I walked after you, right? As for the saying of the Exalted: [Al-Mu'minun 23:100] Here it is not accusative because “from” entered it. All right, and “above.” Allah the Exalted said: [Al-An'am 6:18] So “above” is an adverb of place. All right, “below.” [At-Tawbah 9:100] “Below them” in Surat al-Tawbah, and in many other verses: But: Why is it not accusative?
The student: Because of the entry of “from.”
The Shaykh : Because of the entry of “from.” But if “from” does not enter it, it is accusative. And “at,” which is very common. You say: I sat at your place. Allah the Exalted said:[Al-An'am 6:59], [Al-A'raf 7:206] So “at” is an adverb of place, and it is very common in the Qur'an and outside the Qur'an. All right, is it not said: “from him”?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: “From” entered it.
The Shaykh : “From” entered it. If “from” enters it, it is not an accusative adverb. And “with.” It is said: “ma‘” with a sukun on the ‘ayn, and “ma‘a” with a fathah on the ‘ayn. Allah the Exalted said:[Al-Baqarah 2:249], [An-Nahl 16:128] “With” here is an adverb, in the accusative case as an adverb. It is always in the accusative case as an adverb; it does not come except as an accusative adverb. “Opposite” means facing, and “alongside” means equal to it. You say: He was opposite this, meaning equal to it. But it is not from this category we are discussing. Do you say: I sat opposite the door? Hmm?
The student: A verbal noun.
The Shaykh : A verbal noun?
The student: An adverb.
The Shaykh : An adverb of place or time?
The students: No, an adverb of place.
The Shaykh : An adverb of place. All right, “facing.”
The student: Alongside!
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: Alongside!
The Shaykh : “Alongside” is like it. You say: I sat alongside you, meaning facing you, meaning equal to you. So is “alongside” in the accusative case as a spatial or temporal adverb?
The student: Spatial.
The Shaykh : Spatial. All right, “facing”? “Facing” is also an adverb of place in the accusative case as an adverb. It may be made genitive with “from,” like: You say: I sat facing you, meaning in front of you. So it is in the accusative case as a spatial adverb. All right, is it “thumma” or “thamma”?
The student: Thamma.
The Shaykh : Thamma. And this is where many people make a mistake. You find someone saying: “And from thumma such and such,” and “from thumma,” and this is a great error, because “thumma” is a conjunction, and “thamma” is an adverb of place. Allah the Exalted said:[Al-Insan 76:20]: When you see “thamma,” it means there, far away. All right, and “here.” “Here” is also an adverb of place. Sit here. And from this is the saying of the Exalted: , So “here” is an adverb of place. But note that we will return to it a second time regarding its grammatical case. But “here” is an adverb of place. The difference between “here” and “thamma” is that “here” is for what is near, and “thamma” is for what is far. So you say: [Al-Insan 76:20] “Thamma” means? There, far away. And you say: I sat here, meaning in the near place. All right, the Shaykh said to his student: Sit thamma. So he sat at his knee. Is he obeying?
The student: Disobeying.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: Disobeying.
The Shaykh : Disobeying, because he said: Sit thamma, meaning there, far away. And he said to the other student: Sit here. So he took by analogy, he analogized his sitting to his companion's sitting and went far away. We say: This is analogy in opposition to the text. Did he make a mistake or not?
The student: He made a mistake.
The Shaykh : He made a mistake. Yes, and Allah knows best.
The student: An adverb of place.
The Shaykh : An adverb of place. You might say, for example: The house is in front of you. As the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said when Usamah ibn Zayd spoke to him while he was traveling from Muzdalifah to ‘Arafah. He stopped along the way, urinated, and performed ablution, then he said: “The prayer” and he said:
The prayer is in front of you
الصّلاة أمامكThe student: An adverb of place.
The Shaykh : An adverb of place. All right, if someone says: Allah says:
from before them and from behind them
من بين أيديهم ومن خلفهمand behind them is a barrier
ومن ورائهم برزخAnd He is the subjugator over His servants
وهو القاهر فوق عبادهgardens beneath which rivers flow
جنّاتٍ تجري تحتها الأنهارFrom under it
مِن تحتهاFrom under it
مِن تحتهاThe student: Because of the entry of “from.”
The Shaykh : Because of the entry of “from.” But if “from” does not enter it, it is accusative. And “at,” which is very common. You say: I sat at your place. Allah the Exalted said:
And with Him are the keys of the unseen
وعنده مفاتح الغيبthose who are near your Lord are not prevented by arrogance from His worship
ومَن عِند ربّك لا يستكبرون عن عبادتهThe student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: “From” entered it.
The Shaykh : “From” entered it. If “from” enters it, it is not an accusative adverb. And “with.” It is said: “ma‘” with a sukun on the ‘ayn, and “ma‘a” with a fathah on the ‘ayn. Allah the Exalted said:
And Allah is with the patient."
والله معَ الصابرينIndeed, Allah is with those who fear Him
إن الله معَ الذين اتّقواThe student: A verbal noun.
The Shaykh : A verbal noun?
The student: An adverb.
The Shaykh : An adverb of place or time?
The students: No, an adverb of place.
The Shaykh : An adverb of place. All right, “facing.”
The student: Alongside!
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: Alongside!
The Shaykh : “Alongside” is like it. You say: I sat alongside you, meaning facing you, meaning equal to you. So is “alongside” in the accusative case as a spatial or temporal adverb?
The student: Spatial.
The Shaykh : Spatial. All right, “facing”? “Facing” is also an adverb of place in the accusative case as an adverb. It may be made genitive with “from,” like:
from their own selves
مِن تلقاء أنفسهمThe student: Thamma.
The Shaykh : Thamma. And this is where many people make a mistake. You find someone saying: “And from thumma such and such,” and “from thumma,” and this is a great error, because “thumma” is a conjunction, and “thamma” is an adverb of place. Allah the Exalted said:
And when you look there [in Paradise], you will see pleasure and great dominion.
وإذا رأيتَ ثَمّ رأيت نعيمًا وملكًا كبيرًاIndeed, we are sitting here
إنا ههنا قاعدونIndeed, we are sitting here
إنا ههنا قاعدونAnd when you look there [in Paradise], you will see pleasure and great dominion.
إذا رأيتَ ثَمّ رأيتَ نعيمًا وملكًا كبيرًاThe student: Disobeying.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: Disobeying.
The Shaykh : Disobeying, because he said: Sit thamma, meaning there, far away. And he said to the other student: Sit here. So he took by analogy, he analogized his sitting to his companion's sitting and went far away. We say: This is analogy in opposition to the text. Did he make a mistake or not?
The student: He made a mistake.
The Shaykh : He made a mistake. Yes, and Allah knows best.