Explain the statement of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): Al-Idafah.
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The Shaykh : In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
Al-Idafah is the attribution of one thing to another, such as: the boy of Muhammad, the mosque of the Grand Mosque, the book of grammar, the Alfiah of Ibn Malik. So it is the attribution of one thing to another, and it has rulings; in fact, it has two rulings: one related to meaning, and one related to grammar (i'rab). The ruling related to meaning, and the second ruling is related to grammar. As for the first part, it is according to the grammatical factors (awamil). If the factor requires it to be nominative, it is nominative; if it requires it to be accusative, it is accusative; and if it requires it to be genitive, it is genitive. As for the second, it is genitive. The second is genitive according to the situation: either a phrase in the position of genitive, or a constructed word in the position of genitive, or an inflected word in the genitive. The ruling of the second is genitive. And the first?
The student: According to the grammatical factors.
The Shaykh : According to the grammatical factors. So you say, for example: This is the book of Muhammad. Look, what happened to Muhammad? And the book... I read the book of Muhammad. What is the difference? The first, the mudaf (the word being attributed to), changed because the factor changed. Yes, I looked at the book of Muhammad.
The student: Likewise, it changed.
The Shaykh : The first changed, the second did not change; it is always genitive. So the second, with al-Idafah, its ruling is always genitive, and the first is according to the grammatical factors. Another ruling in the grammar of the first: it can be with tanwin, and it can be a sound masculine plural, and it can be a dual. So what is its ruling? Does it change or not change with al-Idafah? Then the second: does it change regarding tanwin and nun, or does it not change? We say: the second does not change regarding tanwin and nun; it remains as it is. I read the book of Muhammad, with tanwin. I read the book of the two men, with a nun. The first is the one that changes; the tanwin is removed from it and the nun is removed from it. For this reason, the author said.
Al-Idafah is the attribution of one thing to another, such as: the boy of Muhammad, the mosque of the Grand Mosque, the book of grammar, the Alfiah of Ibn Malik. So it is the attribution of one thing to another, and it has rulings; in fact, it has two rulings: one related to meaning, and one related to grammar (i'rab). The ruling related to meaning, and the second ruling is related to grammar. As for the first part, it is according to the grammatical factors (awamil). If the factor requires it to be nominative, it is nominative; if it requires it to be accusative, it is accusative; and if it requires it to be genitive, it is genitive. As for the second, it is genitive. The second is genitive according to the situation: either a phrase in the position of genitive, or a constructed word in the position of genitive, or an inflected word in the genitive. The ruling of the second is genitive. And the first?
The student: According to the grammatical factors.
The Shaykh : According to the grammatical factors. So you say, for example: This is the book of Muhammad. Look, what happened to Muhammad? And the book... I read the book of Muhammad. What is the difference? The first, the mudaf (the word being attributed to), changed because the factor changed. Yes, I looked at the book of Muhammad.
The student: Likewise, it changed.
The Shaykh : The first changed, the second did not change; it is always genitive. So the second, with al-Idafah, its ruling is always genitive, and the first is according to the grammatical factors. Another ruling in the grammar of the first: it can be with tanwin, and it can be a sound masculine plural, and it can be a dual. So what is its ruling? Does it change or not change with al-Idafah? Then the second: does it change regarding tanwin and nun, or does it not change? We say: the second does not change regarding tanwin and nun; it remains as it is. I read the book of Muhammad, with tanwin. I read the book of the two men, with a nun. The first is the one that changes; the tanwin is removed from it and the nun is removed from it. For this reason, the author said.