Explanation of the statement of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): Kinship.
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh : He (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Kinship" Kinship, also called kinship relation, and also called attribution. Its meaning is that you attribute a thing to a thing, either by virtue of tribe, or by virtue of country, or by virtue of knowledge, or by virtue of craft and profession, and the like. So, is our saying "Makki" a kinship?
The student: To the country.
The Shaykh : To the country. And "Qurashi"?
The student: The tribe.
The Shaykh : To the tribe. And "Nahwi"?
The student: Knowledge.
The Shaykh : To the knowledge. And "Harafi"?
The student: The craft.
The Shaykh : To the craft and trade. And based on this, you can infer the rest. The important point is attributing one thing to another so that it is related to it, whether that is a tribe, a country, or the like. It has two forms: The first form is to convert it into the form of exaggeration, like "Najjar" (carpenter) and "Haddad" (blacksmith) and the like. This is for what is attributed to a craft, as al-Hariri said in *Al-Malḥah*, *Malḥah al-I'rab*:
"And attribute a brother of a craft, like the grocer, *** And whoever resembles him to Fa'āl"
And the second is to add a yā' at the end of it. This yā' has rulings associated with it, as the author will mention. He said: "A yā' like the yā' of al-Kursiyy, they added for kinship"
"They added" is a verb and a subject, and "yā'" is an object placed before the verb. The subject in his saying "they added" refers to the grammarians or to the people of language?
The student: Language.
The Shaykh : It refers to the people of language, because the grammarians have no right in formulating words; rather, the right belongs to the people of language. And his saying: "for kinship" the lām is for the cause, meaning: for the sake of kinship, for the sake of attributing the attributed thing to the thing it is derived from.
The student: To the country.
The Shaykh : To the country. And "Qurashi"?
The student: The tribe.
The Shaykh : To the tribe. And "Nahwi"?
The student: Knowledge.
The Shaykh : To the knowledge. And "Harafi"?
The student: The craft.
The Shaykh : To the craft and trade. And based on this, you can infer the rest. The important point is attributing one thing to another so that it is related to it, whether that is a tribe, a country, or the like. It has two forms: The first form is to convert it into the form of exaggeration, like "Najjar" (carpenter) and "Haddad" (blacksmith) and the like. This is for what is attributed to a craft, as al-Hariri said in *Al-Malḥah*, *Malḥah al-I'rab*:
"And attribute a brother of a craft, like the grocer, *** And whoever resembles him to Fa'āl"
And the second is to add a yā' at the end of it. This yā' has rulings associated with it, as the author will mention. He said: "A yā' like the yā' of al-Kursiyy, they added for kinship"
"They added" is a verb and a subject, and "yā'" is an object placed before the verb. The subject in his saying "they added" refers to the grammarians or to the people of language?
The student: Language.
The Shaykh : It refers to the people of language, because the grammarians have no right in formulating words; rather, the right belongs to the people of language. And his saying: "for kinship" the lām is for the cause, meaning: for the sake of kinship, for the sake of attributing the attributed thing to the thing it is derived from.