Continuation of the discussion from the end of the chapter on prepositions.
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The student: ...
The Shaykh : All right, what is its grammatical status? What do you say?
The student: An attribute.
The Shaykh : It is a description for "mercy," because "mercy" is an indefinite noun, and what comes after it is a description. All right, "lana"?
The student: "Lana" is a verb and a subject.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: "Lahum" (for them) is a preposition and a genitive noun, attached to "lana."
The Shaykh : The "ba" in His saying:.
The student: It means causality.
The Shaykh : Causality. Is its example after "min" (from)?
The student: His saying, may He be Exalted:[Al-Mu'minun 23:40].
The Shaykh : All right, what is its grammatical analysis?
The student: "Min" is a preposition, and "ma" is extra.
The Shaykh : In terms of function, it is extra in terms of function.
The student: No, it is extra in terms of grammatical status.
The Shaykh : Function is grammatical status. All right, may Allah bless you.
The student: "Ma" is extra.
The Shaykh : In terms of grammatical status. What do we say about the Qur'an? We say it is extra, yes.
The student: "Qalil" (little) is a genitive noun with "min," and the sign of its genitive case is the visible kasrah at its end. "Li-yasbiha" (so that they will become), the "lam" is for emphasis.
The Shaykh : The "lam" is for emphasis? Do you say yes?
The student: No, it is a preparatory particle for an oath.
The Shaykh : A preparatory particle for an oath.
The student: And "yasbiha" is a past tense verb.
The Shaykh : "Yasbiha" is a past tense verb?
The student: Or "yasbiha" is a present tense verb.
The Shaykh : A present tense verb.
The student: Yes, it is in the nominative case, and the sign of its nominative case is a visible dammah at its end.
The Shaykh : What do you see, everyone?
The student: It is built on dammah.
The Shaykh : Built on dammah? Is the present tense built on dammah?
The student : Because it is connected to the emphatic nun.
The Shaykh : No, that one is built on fathah, like:[Al-Humazah 104:4] Who will analyze it? Will you analyze it?
The student: If Allah wills.
The Shaykh : Come on?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Where is the nominative case?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : A shaddah on the noon. The presence of the noon. "Yaf'ulun" (they do) has a non-shaddah noon, yes.
The student: "Li-yasbiha" ... the waw was deleted due to the meeting of two static letters, due to the meeting of two static letters for lightness.
The Shaykh : No, did it not pass through you?
The student: Due to the succession of similar letters.
The Shaykh : Yes, due to the succession of similar letters. Due to the succession of similar letters, the extra three noons, yes.
The student: And the waw was deleted due to the meeting of two static letters.
The Shaykh : Very well.
The student: So it became "yasbihanna."
The Shaykh : Yes, but we say it is in the nominative case by what?
The student: By the presence of the deleted noon.
The Shaykh : By the presence of the deleted noon due to the succession of similar letters.
The student: By the deleted noon.
The Shaykh : By the deleted noon. All right, it is not possible to say "by the noon" while contradicting the fact that it is deleted. We say "by the deleted noon due to the succession of similar letters," and "the deleted waw due to the meeting of two static letters." It is the subject. The subject, is that right?
The student: No, it is a noun.
The Shaykh : The noun "yasbiha." All right, and "nadimin" (regretful) is its predicate, correct? Correct, yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Yes, he says:
"Grammar is difficult and its ladder is long *** If he who does not know climbs it, his foot slips into the depths
He wants to analyze it, so he makes it obscure ***"
Yes, all right, but do not take this verse as a model. Do not adopt it. If you adopt it, you will no longer read grammar. I say: "Li-yasbiha" has many examples, meaning it has many examples other than this. Its original form is "yasbihunna," "yasbihunna," did you understand? So now the waw is not pleasing, so the noon was deleted due to the succession of similar letters. All right, why was the noon of emphasis not deleted? They said: The noon of emphasis is brought for a meaning. If we delete the noon of emphasis, the meaning is lost. What is the meaning? Emphasis. And the noon of nominative case is customarily deleted with the accusative and jussive particles and with the protective noon. So deleting it is easier. What remains is the noon of emphasis. The noon of emphasis is a shaddah letter, is it not?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : All right, is the first of the two letters in a shaddah letter static or not? Look, you say: "Shadda shadda!" The first dhal is static. When the first of the two letters in a shaddah is static, the waw of nominative case comes back. The waw of nominative case is also static, so we delete the waw of nominative case.
"If two statics meet, break what came before *** And if it is soft, its deletion is due"
We deleted the waw, so it became "yasbihanna," "yasbihanna" after we deleted the noon and the waw from it. Clear? And this is common in the Qur'an, in the Qur'an and outside the Qur'an. Yes, all right, come on, finish with "nadimin"?
The student: "Li-yasbihanna."
The Shaykh : "Nadimin."
The student: "Nadimin."
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : No.
The student: It is an object in the accusative case.
The Shaykh : No, do you not know? Who knows the grammatical status of "nadimin"?
The student: It is a predicate (khabar).
The Shaykh : The predicate of what? Does "yasbiha" have a noun and a predicate?
The student: From the verbs that put in the accusative case.
The Shaykh : From the verbs that put in the accusative case, it puts the noun in the nominative case and the predicate in the accusative case, but only like "kana," "zalla," "bata," "adhha," "asba," "asbaha." Ibn Malik says: "Like kana, kadha" - There is no god but Allah - "zalla," "asbaha," did you understand? How can you say "yasbiha" has a noun and a predicate? What did he say in the other verse?
The student: "And a non-past like it has worked *** If the non-past of it was used".
The Shaykh : Good, complete. All right, this "ba" and "min," the third one, look here, Salim?
The student:.
The Shaykh : Analyze it?
The student: "Min" is a preposition, "ma" is extra in terms of function. "Khatiyatuhum" (their sins) is a genitive noun.
The Shaykh : All of it, is that right? "Khatiyatuhum"?
The student: "Khatiyat."
The Shaykh : "Khatiyat" is a genitive noun with what.
The student: The sign of its genitive case is the kasrah.
The Shaykh : All right, "khatiyat" is a possessive noun.
The student: And the hah is the possessed noun. "Khatiyat" is a possessive noun and the hah is the possessed noun, built on kasrah in the position of genitive case, and the mim is for the plural.
The Shaykh : All right, continue.
The student: "Ughriqu" (they drowned) is a past tense verb.
The Shaykh : The plural, what is it? "Ughriq"?
The student: "Ughriq."
The Shaykh : "Ughriq," "Ughriqa."
The student: "Ughriq" is a past tense verb built on fathah.
The Shaykh : Fathah? "Ughriqu."
The student: Built on dammah because it is connected to a waw.
The Shaykh : The plural.
The student: The waw of the plural is in the position of nominative case as the subject.
The Shaykh : The subject of "ughriqu," and it is not said: "Gharqu"?
The student: "Ughriqu" is built for the unknown.
The Shaykh : Good, so the waw is the substitute for the subject.
The student: Passive subject.
The Shaykh : All right, where is the attachment of "min" to "khatiyatuhum"? Meaning, the preposition and genitive noun are attached to what?
The student: To "kaina."
The Shaykh : "Kaina"?
The student: What is the attachment?
The Shaykh : Attachment means the working particle. If it is said this preposition and genitive noun are attached to such and such, it means it is the working particle for it. Who knows it? Salim? "Ughriqu" and what does "min" mean?.
The student: Causality.
The Shaykh : Yes, causality, correct. All right, the author says:
"And ma is added after rub and kaf, so it negates *** And it may follow them and work, not negated"
And what does it mean, Abdullah?
The student: That "ma" is added after "rub" and "kaf" so it negates them from working, and it may be added and work.
The Shaykh : Well done. And what is its example?
The student: In "rub," "rubba al-talib al-dhaki hadiran" (perhaps the smart student is present).
The Shaykh : "Rubba"?
The student: Yes, "al-talib al-dhaki hadiran" negated it from working.
The Shaykh : It is not correct ... "rubba al-talib al-dhaki hadiran," yes. And what is correct?
The student: It must govern an indefinite noun.
The Shaykh : An indefinite noun, correct. It must be an indefinite noun.
"And specify with muddha and minth a time *** And with rub an indefinite"
So correct the example, make it an indefinite noun.
The student: "Rubba talib dhaki mawjud" (perhaps a smart student is present).
The Shaykh : "Mawjud" (present), good. What is its grammatical analysis?
The student: "Rub" is a preposition.
The Shaykh : Negated.
The student: Negated, and "ma" is a negator from working.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: And "talib" is a nominative noun raised by dammah, raised by the visible dammah on its end.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: And "dhaki" is a description for "talib."
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: And the description of the nominative is nominative.
The Shaykh : "Hadir" (present)?
The student: And "hadir" is the predicate.
The Shaykh : The predicate of the nominative noun.
The student: The predicate of the nominative noun is nominative.
The Shaykh : All right, well done. The "kaf," Muhammad?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: The saying of the poet:
"And we support our master and we know that he *** Is like the people, he is wronged and he wrongs".
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: His saying: "Like the people".
The Shaykh : Come on, Muhammad?
The student: The "kaf" is a negated preposition.
The Shaykh : No, it did not negate it. No, the verse is cited for the genitive case. The "kaf" is a preposition, and "ma" is extra. "Kama al-nas" (like the people), "ma" is extra, and "al-nas" is a noun?
The student : It is a noun in the genitive case.
The Shaykh : With the "kaf," and the sign of its genitive case is a visible kasrah at its end. We will take the lesson of the last two verses.
The Shaykh : All right, what is its grammatical status? What do you say?
The student: An attribute.
The Shaykh : It is a description for "mercy," because "mercy" is an indefinite noun, and what comes after it is a description. All right, "lana"?
The student: "Lana" is a verb and a subject.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: "Lahum" (for them) is a preposition and a genitive noun, attached to "lana."
The Shaykh : The "ba" in His saying:
By what mercy
فبما رحمةThe student: It means causality.
The Shaykh : Causality. Is its example after "min" (from)?
The student: His saying, may He be Exalted:
After a little, they will surely become regretful."
عما قليل ليصبحن نادمينThe Shaykh :
In a little while
عما قليلThe student: "Min" is a preposition, and "ma" is extra.
The Shaykh : In terms of function, it is extra in terms of function.
The student: No, it is extra in terms of grammatical status.
The Shaykh : Function is grammatical status. All right, may Allah bless you.
The student: "Ma" is extra.
The Shaykh : In terms of grammatical status. What do we say about the Qur'an? We say it is extra, yes.
The student: "Qalil" (little) is a genitive noun with "min," and the sign of its genitive case is the visible kasrah at its end. "Li-yasbiha" (so that they will become), the "lam" is for emphasis.
The Shaykh : The "lam" is for emphasis? Do you say yes?
The student: No, it is a preparatory particle for an oath.
The Shaykh : A preparatory particle for an oath.
The student: And "yasbiha" is a past tense verb.
The Shaykh : "Yasbiha" is a past tense verb?
The student: Or "yasbiha" is a present tense verb.
The Shaykh : A present tense verb.
The student: Yes, it is in the nominative case, and the sign of its nominative case is a visible dammah at its end.
The Shaykh : What do you see, everyone?
The student: It is built on dammah.
The Shaykh : Built on dammah? Is the present tense built on dammah?
The student : Because it is connected to the emphatic nun.
The Shaykh : No, that one is built on fathah, like:
He will surely be thrown into the Crusher.
لينبذن في الحطمةThe student: If Allah wills.
The Shaykh : Come on?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Where is the nominative case?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : A shaddah on the noon. The presence of the noon. "Yaf'ulun" (they do) has a non-shaddah noon, yes.
The student: "Li-yasbiha" ... the waw was deleted due to the meeting of two static letters, due to the meeting of two static letters for lightness.
The Shaykh : No, did it not pass through you?
The student: Due to the succession of similar letters.
The Shaykh : Yes, due to the succession of similar letters. Due to the succession of similar letters, the extra three noons, yes.
The student: And the waw was deleted due to the meeting of two static letters.
The Shaykh : Very well.
The student: So it became "yasbihanna."
The Shaykh : Yes, but we say it is in the nominative case by what?
The student: By the presence of the deleted noon.
The Shaykh : By the presence of the deleted noon due to the succession of similar letters.
The student: By the deleted noon.
The Shaykh : By the deleted noon. All right, it is not possible to say "by the noon" while contradicting the fact that it is deleted. We say "by the deleted noon due to the succession of similar letters," and "the deleted waw due to the meeting of two static letters." It is the subject. The subject, is that right?
The student: No, it is a noun.
The Shaykh : The noun "yasbiha." All right, and "nadimin" (regretful) is its predicate, correct? Correct, yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Yes, he says:
"Grammar is difficult and its ladder is long *** If he who does not know climbs it, his foot slips into the depths
He wants to analyze it, so he makes it obscure ***"
Yes, all right, but do not take this verse as a model. Do not adopt it. If you adopt it, you will no longer read grammar. I say: "Li-yasbiha" has many examples, meaning it has many examples other than this. Its original form is "yasbihunna," "yasbihunna," did you understand? So now the waw is not pleasing, so the noon was deleted due to the succession of similar letters. All right, why was the noon of emphasis not deleted? They said: The noon of emphasis is brought for a meaning. If we delete the noon of emphasis, the meaning is lost. What is the meaning? Emphasis. And the noon of nominative case is customarily deleted with the accusative and jussive particles and with the protective noon. So deleting it is easier. What remains is the noon of emphasis. The noon of emphasis is a shaddah letter, is it not?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : All right, is the first of the two letters in a shaddah letter static or not? Look, you say: "Shadda shadda!" The first dhal is static. When the first of the two letters in a shaddah is static, the waw of nominative case comes back. The waw of nominative case is also static, so we delete the waw of nominative case.
"If two statics meet, break what came before *** And if it is soft, its deletion is due"
We deleted the waw, so it became "yasbihanna," "yasbihanna" after we deleted the noon and the waw from it. Clear? And this is common in the Qur'an, in the Qur'an and outside the Qur'an. Yes, all right, come on, finish with "nadimin"?
The student: "Li-yasbihanna."
The Shaykh : "Nadimin."
The student: "Nadimin."
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : No.
The student: It is an object in the accusative case.
The Shaykh : No, do you not know? Who knows the grammatical status of "nadimin"?
The student: It is a predicate (khabar).
The Shaykh : The predicate of what? Does "yasbiha" have a noun and a predicate?
The student: From the verbs that put in the accusative case.
The Shaykh : From the verbs that put in the accusative case, it puts the noun in the nominative case and the predicate in the accusative case, but only like "kana," "zalla," "bata," "adhha," "asba," "asbaha." Ibn Malik says: "Like kana, kadha" - There is no god but Allah - "zalla," "asbaha," did you understand? How can you say "yasbiha" has a noun and a predicate? What did he say in the other verse?
The student: "And a non-past like it has worked *** If the non-past of it was used".
The Shaykh : Good, complete. All right, this "ba" and "min," the third one, look here, Salim?
The student:
of their sins
مما خطيئاتهمThe Shaykh :
of their sins
مما خطيئاتهمThe student: "Min" is a preposition, "ma" is extra in terms of function. "Khatiyatuhum" (their sins) is a genitive noun.
The Shaykh : All of it, is that right? "Khatiyatuhum"?
The student: "Khatiyat."
The Shaykh : "Khatiyat" is a genitive noun with what.
The student: The sign of its genitive case is the kasrah.
The Shaykh : All right, "khatiyat" is a possessive noun.
The student: And the hah is the possessed noun. "Khatiyat" is a possessive noun and the hah is the possessed noun, built on kasrah in the position of genitive case, and the mim is for the plural.
The Shaykh : All right, continue
they were drowned
أغرقواThe student: "Ughriqu" (they drowned) is a past tense verb.
The Shaykh : The plural, what is it? "Ughriq"?
The student: "Ughriq."
The Shaykh : "Ughriq," "Ughriqa."
The student: "Ughriq" is a past tense verb built on fathah.
The Shaykh : Fathah? "Ughriqu."
The student: Built on dammah because it is connected to a waw.
The Shaykh : The plural.
The student: The waw of the plural is in the position of nominative case as the subject.
The Shaykh : The subject of "ughriqu," and it is not said: "Gharqu"?
The student: "Ughriqu" is built for the unknown.
The Shaykh : Good, so the waw is the substitute for the subject.
The student: Passive subject.
The Shaykh : All right, where is the attachment of "min" to "khatiyatuhum"? Meaning, the preposition and genitive noun are attached to what?
The student: To "kaina."
The Shaykh : "Kaina"?
The student: What is the attachment?
The Shaykh : Attachment means the working particle. If it is said this preposition and genitive noun are attached to such and such, it means it is the working particle for it. Who knows it? Salim? "Ughriqu" and what does "min" mean?
of their sins
مما خطيئاتهمThe student: Causality.
The Shaykh : Yes, causality, correct. All right, the author says:
"And ma is added after rub and kaf, so it negates *** And it may follow them and work, not negated"
And what does it mean, Abdullah?
The student: That "ma" is added after "rub" and "kaf" so it negates them from working, and it may be added and work.
The Shaykh : Well done. And what is its example?
The student: In "rub," "rubba al-talib al-dhaki hadiran" (perhaps the smart student is present).
The Shaykh : "Rubba"?
The student: Yes, "al-talib al-dhaki hadiran" negated it from working.
The Shaykh : It is not correct ... "rubba al-talib al-dhaki hadiran," yes. And what is correct?
The student: It must govern an indefinite noun.
The Shaykh : An indefinite noun, correct. It must be an indefinite noun.
"And specify with muddha and minth a time *** And with rub an indefinite"
So correct the example, make it an indefinite noun.
The student: "Rubba talib dhaki mawjud" (perhaps a smart student is present).
The Shaykh : "Mawjud" (present), good. What is its grammatical analysis?
The student: "Rub" is a preposition.
The Shaykh : Negated.
The student: Negated, and "ma" is a negator from working.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: And "talib" is a nominative noun raised by dammah, raised by the visible dammah on its end.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: And "dhaki" is a description for "talib."
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: And the description of the nominative is nominative.
The Shaykh : "Hadir" (present)?
The student: And "hadir" is the predicate.
The Shaykh : The predicate of the nominative noun.
The student: The predicate of the nominative noun is nominative.
The Shaykh : All right, well done. The "kaf," Muhammad?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: The saying of the poet:
"And we support our master and we know that he *** Is like the people, he is wronged and he wrongs".
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: His saying: "Like the people".
The Shaykh : Come on, Muhammad?
The student: The "kaf" is a negated preposition.
The Shaykh : No, it did not negate it. No, the verse is cited for the genitive case. The "kaf" is a preposition, and "ma" is extra. "Kama al-nas" (like the people), "ma" is extra, and "al-nas" is a noun?
The student : It is a noun in the genitive case.
The Shaykh : With the "kaf," and the sign of its genitive case is a visible kasrah at its end. We will take the lesson of the last two verses.