Continuation of the question
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The Shaykh : There is no pronoun that is ever described as nominative, accusative, or genitive. All pronouns, my friends, are never described as nominative, accusative, or genitive. The *ta* is the first-person pronoun!
The student: The first-person pronoun.
The Shaykh : The subject, is it built?
The student: Built on the visible *dammah* on its end.
The Shaykh : On the *dammah*?
The student: Built on the dammah.
The Shaykh : Built on the *dammah* in the position of?
The student: In the position of the nominative subject.
The Shaykh : Good, continue, yes.
The student: The *ba* is a preposition... a noun in the genitive case due to the *ba*, and the sign of its genitive case is the visible *kasrah* on its end.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: And by my life
The Shaykh : No, that is not the example. The problem with this is that a student gives an example and then forgets his example! Come on, my brother!
The student: And by my life?!
The Shaykh : No.
The student: And by my life?
The Shaykh : No.
The student: But Amr.
The Shaykh : But Amr, come on.
The student: *Bal* is a conjunction.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: And Amr is conjoined to Zayd.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: And the word conjoined to a genitive noun is genitive like it, and the sign of its genitive case is the visible *kasrah* on its end.
The Shaykh : Yes, well done. After that, Allah the Exalted said:[Al-Anbya 21:109] [Al-Anbya 21:109]!
The student: Close!
The Shaykh :[Al-Anbya 21:109] The hamzah?
The student: The hamzah is a question particle.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Close: the subject.
The Shaykh : The subject of what?! No verb has preceded it to make it a subject. If you find a nominative noun that is not preceded by anything, judge it to be either a topic or a predicate that has been advanced.
The student: Close!
The Shaykh : Fine.
The student: A nominative topic, and the sign of its nominative case is the visible *dammah*.
The Shaykh : A nominative topic by what?
The student: Nominative by the topic.
The Shaykh : By the topic, and the sign of its nominative case?
The student: The visible *dammah* on its end.
The Shaykh : Good,?
The student: *Am*: a conjunction particle.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Far: a conjoined noun, conjoined to Close, and the word conjoined to a nominative noun is nominative, and the sign of its nominative case is the visible *dammah* on its end.
The Shaykh : Yes, correct?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Good, what do you promise?
The student: *Ma*!
The Shaykh : You said: Close: a topic, yes.
The student: *Ma*: a relative pronoun in the position of the nominative predicate.
The Shaykh : Built on what?
The student: Built on the *sukun*.
The Shaykh : Yes, built on the *sukun*.
The student: Correct?
The Shaykh : Yes, and this one?
The student: Built.
The Shaykh : No, the better one is the subject, the subject is Close. If you want to make the topic the predicate, make Close the advanced predicate, and *Ma* the delayed topic, or leave these things, we will pass over them. Good, the point is his saying:[Al-Anbya 21:109] Good, Allah the Exalted said: [Hud 11:96], no, [Yunus 10:75]?
The student: Then We sent?
The Shaykh : Yes,[Yunus 10:75], We sent Moses and Aaron, but parse this sentence: We sent Moses and Aaron?
The student: We sent: a past verb.
The Shaykh : We sent: a past verb?!
The student: ...
The Shaykh : A verb and a subject.
The student: We sent: a verb and a subject.
The Shaykh : Specify, We sent is a verb and a subject, this is general, specify?
The student: Sent!
The Shaykh : Specify We sent!
The student: Sent: a past verb.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: *Na*.
The Shaykh : Continue: is it built?
The student: On the fathah.
The Shaykh : Sent: is there a *fathah* above the *tha*? Are you with us, my friends?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Huh? Built on the *sukun*, why? How is it built on the *sukun* when the past verb is built on the *fathah*?
The student: Because it is connected to a nominative pronoun.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: Because it is connected to a nominative pronoun.
The Shaykh : Because it is connected to the moving nominative pronoun, yes, good, come on, Moses!
The student: Yesterday we...
The Shaykh : Huh, yes, *na na*, We sent?
The student: *Na*
The Shaykh : That does not make sense.
The student: *Na*: the subject.
The Shaykh : Complete it!
The student: *Na*
The Shaykh : You stopped! Yes.
The student: Built on the connected pronoun
The Shaykh : It is not right to say: *Anna*, my brother. If someone well-versed in grammar heard you, he would correct you. *Anna* never comes, huh, what do you say?
The student: *Na*: a connected pronoun in the position of the nominative subject.
The Shaykh : Yes, built on the *sukun* in the position of the nominative subject, yes, Moses?
The student: Me?
The Shaykh : Yes, continue, We called you, yes.
The student: Moses: the object.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Accusative by the *fathah*
The Shaykh : Yes, where is the *fathah*?! Moses.
The student: A hidden *fathah*.
The Shaykh : On? A hidden *fathah* on?
The student: On its end.
The Shaykh : Specify the end? Alif, waw, ya?
The student: On the alif.
The Shaykh : Hidden on the alif, yes, what prevented its appearance?
The student: The impossibility.
The Shaykh : Impossibility, well done, and Aaron?
The student: The waw: the waw of conjunction.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Aaron: conjoined to Moses, and the conjoined!
The Shaykh : Yes, good, Aaron is conjoined to whom? What is the word it is conjoined to?
The student: To Moses.
The Shaykh : Yes, Moses and Aaron, Aaron is conjoined to Moses, and the conjoined to?
The student: On the accusative case.
The Shaykh : Good!
The student: And the word conjoined to an accusative noun is accusative.
The Shaykh : Correct, and the word conjoined to an accusative noun is accusative, and the sign of its accusative case is the visible *fathah* on its end. Why did it not say *wa-Harouna*? You have the question, like *Nuh* and *Shu'ayb* and *Hud*?
The student: Because it is conjoined to Moses!
The Shaykh : Good, why was it not tanweened?
The student: It is prevented from declension.
The Shaykh : Huh? You come on and say, yes you, because it is prevented from *sarf*, and what prevents it from *sarf* is what?
The student: Foreignness.
The Shaykh : And other than foreignness, because not every foreign word is prevented from *sarf*.
The student: Because it is a proper name.
The Shaykh : Yes, proper name and foreignness, come on, Hassan, I honored Zayd so he refused, I honored Zayd so he refused?
The student: I honored is a verb and a subject, honored is a past verb built on the *sukun* because it is connected to a nominative pronoun, the *ta* is a connected pronoun built on the *dammah* in the position of the nominative subject.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Zayd: the object, accusative, and the sign of its accusative case is the visible *fathah* on its end, and the *fa* is a conjunction particle, and he refused: *Aba* is conjoined to Zayd, accusative, and the sign of its accusative case is the alif because it is one of the five nouns, and it is a possessive, and the *ha* is the possessed.
The Shaykh : Complete it, he refused: the possessed is built on?
The student: Built on the *dammah* in the position of the genitive.
The Shaykh : Good, the *fa* here?
The student: In terms of meaning?
The Shaykh : What does it signify?
The student: Immediate succession.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: Immediate succession.
The Shaykh : Order and immediate succession, how does the father come after the son?
The student: This is an example.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: As an example!
The Shaykh : It is not correct.
The student: The son then his father!
The Shaykh : How?
The student: In terms of immediate succession.
The Shaykh : Good, how is it immediate succession? The father followed the son? Yes?
The student: Yes, this.
The Shaykh : The father does not come before the son, I have never heard that a son was born before his father, ever!
The student: You honored him.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: You honored him.
The Shaykh : Ah, meaning in the honoring, not in existence, correct, my friends? It is correct to honor the son before the father, correct, yes, Hind stood up then her brother?
The student: Stood: a past verb.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Built on fathah.
The Shaykh : And the *ta* stood?
The student: And the *ta*: the feminine *ta*.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Hind: the subject, nominative, and the sign of its nominative case is the *dammah*.
The Shaykh : Nominative by the visible *dammah*.
The student: The visible one on its end.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: *Thumma*: a conjunction particle.
The Shaykh : Yes?
The student: *Thumma*: a known conjunction.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Brother: a conjoined noun to Hind, and it is nominative, and the sign!
The Shaykh : And the word conjoined to a nominative noun?
The student: Nominative like it, and the sign of its nominative case is the waw, because it is one of the five nouns.
The Shaykh : The waw is what? In place of?
The student: In place of the *dammah*.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: And it is a possessive, and the *ha* is the possessed.
The Shaykh : And the *ha*?
The student: It is the object of an addition (mudaf ilayh).
The Shaykh : The one we have, then her brother!!! Yes, the one next to it?
The student: And *ha*: the possessed.
The Shaykh : And *ha*: the possessed, good, is it built?
The student: Built on the *sukun*.
The Shaykh : In the position of?
The student: In the position of the genitive possessed.
The Shaykh : Correct, good, what is the difference between if I say *ha* or *al-ha*?
The student: *Al-ha*: its meaning is *ha*, a tied *ta*.
The Shaykh : Yes, it is not a tied *ta*, this is a pronoun, but what is the difference, we say *al-ha* and sometimes we say *ha*?
The student: *Al-ha* is a letter.
The Shaykh : No, huh? Is this language?
The student: They said: if it is of two letters!
The Shaykh : Yes, is it pronounced?
The student: It is pronounced by its name, it is pronounced with the alif and lam.
The Shaykh : No no, it can be without alif and lam! Ahmad?
The student: Me?
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: If it is of one letter!
The Shaykh : No, it is not the pronoun word, the pronoun and non-pronoun.
The student: The word is of one letter
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Then it is called by its name.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: But if it is of two letters, then according to its pronunciation.
The Shaykh : By its form?
The student: By its form.
The Shaykh : It is called *ha*, do you understand, my friends? This is the rule, if the word is of one letter, then by its name, and if it is of two letters or more, then by its form. That is why you say: the lam is a preposition, if you say for example:[Al-Baqarah 2:116] you say: the lam is a preposition, and you do not say: "li" is a preposition, if it is of two letters like: from Zayd, you say: "min" is a preposition, and you do not say: the mimm is a preposition, no, you say: *min*: a preposition, clear?
The student: It is clear.
The Shaykh : Good, come on, the one after it, did we take ten? Allah the Exalted said:[Muhammad 47:4]?
The student: The *fa*: a particle according to what precedes it.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: And *imma*: a division particle!
The Shaykh : And according to the author's opinion?
The student: A conjunction particle according to the author's opinion.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: So either from us, *minna*: the object of a deleted verb, and it is accusative, and the sign of its accusative case is the visible *fathah* on its end.
The Shaykh : And what is the estimated meaning of the deleted verb?
The student: We give you.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: We give you.
The Shaykh : We give you from us?! The meaning does not hold:[Muhammad 47:4].
The student: You receive!
The Shaykh : You receive from us?!
The student: Allah has bestowed upon you.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: From us we bestow upon you.
The Shaykh : What do you say?
The student: From us we bestow upon you.
The Shaykh : Yes, so "from us" is a verbal noun for a deleted verb, and the estimated meaning is "either you bestow from us." Good, here?
The student: It is the object of the verb.
The Shaykh : An absolute object for a deleted verb!
The student: An absolute object for a deleted verb, and it is in the accusative case, and the sign of its accusative is the visible fathah, the waw is a conjunction letter, either is a letter!
The Shaykh : A detail according to the stronger opinion, and according to the author's opinion it is a conjunction, yes, "ransom"?
The student: An object in the accusative case, or an absolute object.
The Shaykh : An object, what? For a deleted verb, what is its estimated meaning?
The student: You take.
The Shaykh : Or you take, and either you take a ransom, good, come on Abu Khalid!
The student: The time is up.
The Shaykh : Is the time over?!
The student: The first-person pronoun.
The Shaykh : The subject, is it built?
The student: Built on the visible *dammah* on its end.
The Shaykh : On the *dammah*?
The student: Built on the dammah.
The Shaykh : Built on the *dammah* in the position of?
The student: In the position of the nominative subject.
The Shaykh : Good, continue, yes.
The student: The *ba* is a preposition... a noun in the genitive case due to the *ba*, and the sign of its genitive case is the visible *kasrah* on its end.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: And by my life
The Shaykh : No, that is not the example. The problem with this is that a student gives an example and then forgets his example! Come on, my brother!
The student: And by my life?!
The Shaykh : No.
The student: And by my life?
The Shaykh : No.
The student: But Amr.
The Shaykh : But Amr, come on.
The student: *Bal* is a conjunction.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: And Amr is conjoined to Zayd.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: And the word conjoined to a genitive noun is genitive like it, and the sign of its genitive case is the visible *kasrah* on its end.
The Shaykh : Yes, well done. After that, Allah the Exalted said:
And I know not whether near or far is that which you are promised.
وإن أدري أقريب أم بعيد ما توعدونwhether near or far is that which you are promised.
أقريب أم بعيد ما توعدونThe student: Close!
The Shaykh :
whether near or far
أقريب أم بعيدThe student: The hamzah is a question particle.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Close: the subject.
The Shaykh : The subject of what?! No verb has preceded it to make it a subject. If you find a nominative noun that is not preceded by anything, judge it to be either a topic or a predicate that has been advanced.
The student: Close!
The Shaykh : Fine.
The student: A nominative topic, and the sign of its nominative case is the visible *dammah*.
The Shaykh : A nominative topic by what?
The student: Nominative by the topic.
The Shaykh : By the topic, and the sign of its nominative case?
The student: The visible *dammah* on its end.
The Shaykh : Good,
or far
أم بعيدThe student: *Am*: a conjunction particle.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Far: a conjoined noun, conjoined to Close, and the word conjoined to a nominative noun is nominative, and the sign of its nominative case is the visible *dammah* on its end.
The Shaykh : Yes, correct?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Good, what do you promise?
The student: *Ma*!
The Shaykh : You said: Close: a topic, yes.
The student: *Ma*: a relative pronoun in the position of the nominative predicate.
The Shaykh : Built on what?
The student: Built on the *sukun*.
The Shaykh : Yes, built on the *sukun*.
The student: Correct?
The Shaykh : Yes, and this one?
The student: Built.
The Shaykh : No, the better one is the subject, the subject is Close. If you want to make the topic the predicate, make Close the advanced predicate, and *Ma* the delayed topic, or leave these things, we will pass over them. Good, the point is his saying:
whether near or far
أقريب أم بعيدAnd We did certainly send Moses
ولقد أرسلنا موسى وهارونThen We sent after them Moses and Aaron
ثم بعثنا من بعدهم موسى وهارونThe student: Then We sent?
The Shaykh : Yes,
Then We sent after them Moses and Aaron
ثم بعثنا من بعدهم موسى وهارونThe student: We sent: a past verb.
The Shaykh : We sent: a past verb?!
The student: ...
The Shaykh : A verb and a subject.
The student: We sent: a verb and a subject.
The Shaykh : Specify, We sent is a verb and a subject, this is general, specify?
The student: Sent!
The Shaykh : Specify We sent!
The student: Sent: a past verb.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: *Na*.
The Shaykh : Continue: is it built?
The student: On the fathah.
The Shaykh : Sent: is there a *fathah* above the *tha*? Are you with us, my friends?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Huh? Built on the *sukun*, why? How is it built on the *sukun* when the past verb is built on the *fathah*?
The student: Because it is connected to a nominative pronoun.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: Because it is connected to a nominative pronoun.
The Shaykh : Because it is connected to the moving nominative pronoun, yes, good, come on, Moses!
The student: Yesterday we...
The Shaykh : Huh, yes, *na na*, We sent?
The student: *Na*
The Shaykh : That does not make sense.
The student: *Na*: the subject.
The Shaykh : Complete it!
The student: *Na*
The Shaykh : You stopped! Yes.
The student: Built on the connected pronoun
The Shaykh : It is not right to say: *Anna*, my brother. If someone well-versed in grammar heard you, he would correct you. *Anna* never comes, huh, what do you say?
The student: *Na*: a connected pronoun in the position of the nominative subject.
The Shaykh : Yes, built on the *sukun* in the position of the nominative subject, yes, Moses?
The student: Me?
The Shaykh : Yes, continue, We called you, yes.
The student: Moses: the object.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Accusative by the *fathah*
The Shaykh : Yes, where is the *fathah*?! Moses.
The student: A hidden *fathah*.
The Shaykh : On? A hidden *fathah* on?
The student: On its end.
The Shaykh : Specify the end? Alif, waw, ya?
The student: On the alif.
The Shaykh : Hidden on the alif, yes, what prevented its appearance?
The student: The impossibility.
The Shaykh : Impossibility, well done, and Aaron?
The student: The waw: the waw of conjunction.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Aaron: conjoined to Moses, and the conjoined!
The Shaykh : Yes, good, Aaron is conjoined to whom? What is the word it is conjoined to?
The student: To Moses.
The Shaykh : Yes, Moses and Aaron, Aaron is conjoined to Moses, and the conjoined to?
The student: On the accusative case.
The Shaykh : Good!
The student: And the word conjoined to an accusative noun is accusative.
The Shaykh : Correct, and the word conjoined to an accusative noun is accusative, and the sign of its accusative case is the visible *fathah* on its end. Why did it not say *wa-Harouna*? You have the question, like *Nuh* and *Shu'ayb* and *Hud*?
The student: Because it is conjoined to Moses!
The Shaykh : Good, why was it not tanweened?
The student: It is prevented from declension.
The Shaykh : Huh? You come on and say, yes you, because it is prevented from *sarf*, and what prevents it from *sarf* is what?
The student: Foreignness.
The Shaykh : And other than foreignness, because not every foreign word is prevented from *sarf*.
The student: Because it is a proper name.
The Shaykh : Yes, proper name and foreignness, come on, Hassan, I honored Zayd so he refused, I honored Zayd so he refused?
The student: I honored is a verb and a subject, honored is a past verb built on the *sukun* because it is connected to a nominative pronoun, the *ta* is a connected pronoun built on the *dammah* in the position of the nominative subject.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Zayd: the object, accusative, and the sign of its accusative case is the visible *fathah* on its end, and the *fa* is a conjunction particle, and he refused: *Aba* is conjoined to Zayd, accusative, and the sign of its accusative case is the alif because it is one of the five nouns, and it is a possessive, and the *ha* is the possessed.
The Shaykh : Complete it, he refused: the possessed is built on?
The student: Built on the *dammah* in the position of the genitive.
The Shaykh : Good, the *fa* here?
The student: In terms of meaning?
The Shaykh : What does it signify?
The student: Immediate succession.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: Immediate succession.
The Shaykh : Order and immediate succession, how does the father come after the son?
The student: This is an example.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: As an example!
The Shaykh : It is not correct.
The student: The son then his father!
The Shaykh : How?
The student: In terms of immediate succession.
The Shaykh : Good, how is it immediate succession? The father followed the son? Yes?
The student: Yes, this.
The Shaykh : The father does not come before the son, I have never heard that a son was born before his father, ever!
The student: You honored him.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: You honored him.
The Shaykh : Ah, meaning in the honoring, not in existence, correct, my friends? It is correct to honor the son before the father, correct, yes, Hind stood up then her brother?
The student: Stood: a past verb.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Built on fathah.
The Shaykh : And the *ta* stood?
The student: And the *ta*: the feminine *ta*.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Hind: the subject, nominative, and the sign of its nominative case is the *dammah*.
The Shaykh : Nominative by the visible *dammah*.
The student: The visible one on its end.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: *Thumma*: a conjunction particle.
The Shaykh : Yes?
The student: *Thumma*: a known conjunction.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Brother: a conjoined noun to Hind, and it is nominative, and the sign!
The Shaykh : And the word conjoined to a nominative noun?
The student: Nominative like it, and the sign of its nominative case is the waw, because it is one of the five nouns.
The Shaykh : The waw is what? In place of?
The student: In place of the *dammah*.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: And it is a possessive, and the *ha* is the possessed.
The Shaykh : And the *ha*?
The student: It is the object of an addition (mudaf ilayh).
The Shaykh : The one we have, then her brother!!! Yes, the one next to it?
The student: And *ha*: the possessed.
The Shaykh : And *ha*: the possessed, good, is it built?
The student: Built on the *sukun*.
The Shaykh : In the position of?
The student: In the position of the genitive possessed.
The Shaykh : Correct, good, what is the difference between if I say *ha* or *al-ha*?
The student: *Al-ha*: its meaning is *ha*, a tied *ta*.
The Shaykh : Yes, it is not a tied *ta*, this is a pronoun, but what is the difference, we say *al-ha* and sometimes we say *ha*?
The student: *Al-ha* is a letter.
The Shaykh : No, huh? Is this language?
The student: They said: if it is of two letters!
The Shaykh : Yes, is it pronounced?
The student: It is pronounced by its name, it is pronounced with the alif and lam.
The Shaykh : No no, it can be without alif and lam! Ahmad?
The student: Me?
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: If it is of one letter!
The Shaykh : No, it is not the pronoun word, the pronoun and non-pronoun.
The student: The word is of one letter
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Then it is called by its name.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: But if it is of two letters, then according to its pronunciation.
The Shaykh : By its form?
The student: By its form.
The Shaykh : It is called *ha*, do you understand, my friends? This is the rule, if the word is of one letter, then by its name, and if it is of two letters or more, then by its form. That is why you say: the lam is a preposition, if you say for example:
to Him belongs whatever is in the heavens
لله ما في السماواتThe student: It is clear.
The Shaykh : Good, come on, the one after it, did we take ten? Allah the Exalted said:
either [confer] favor afterwards or ransom [them]
فإمّا منّا بعد وإمّا فداءThe student: The *fa*: a particle according to what precedes it.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: And *imma*: a division particle!
The Shaykh : And according to the author's opinion?
The student: A conjunction particle according to the author's opinion.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: So either from us, *minna*: the object of a deleted verb, and it is accusative, and the sign of its accusative case is the visible *fathah* on its end.
The Shaykh : And what is the estimated meaning of the deleted verb?
The student: We give you.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: We give you.
The Shaykh : We give you from us?! The meaning does not hold:
until, when you have inflicted slaughter upon them, then secure their bonds, and either [confer] favor afterwards
حتّى إذا أثخنتموهم فشدّوا الوثاق فإمّا منّا بعدThe student: You receive!
The Shaykh : You receive from us?!
The student: Allah has bestowed upon you.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: From us we bestow upon you.
The Shaykh : What do you say?
The student: From us we bestow upon you.
The Shaykh : Yes, so "from us" is a verbal noun for a deleted verb, and the estimated meaning is "either you bestow from us." Good, here?
The student: It is the object of the verb.
The Shaykh : An absolute object for a deleted verb!
The student: An absolute object for a deleted verb, and it is in the accusative case, and the sign of its accusative is the visible fathah, the waw is a conjunction letter, either is a letter!
The Shaykh : A detail according to the stronger opinion, and according to the author's opinion it is a conjunction, yes, "ransom"?
The student: An object in the accusative case, or an absolute object.
The Shaykh : An object, what? For a deleted verb, what is its estimated meaning?
The student: You take.
The Shaykh : Or you take, and either you take a ransom, good, come on Abu Khalid!
The student: The time is up.
The Shaykh : Is the time over?!