Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "And with 'ma'a' in it is little and transferred *** opening and breaking for a connected sukun."
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The Shaykh :"And 'ma'a'", which implies companionship in time or place. Regarding 'ma'a', it is said: "ma'a" with sukun. It is said: "ma'a" with sukun, and this is rare. For this reason, he said: "And with 'ma'a' in it is little", based on the assumption that we mentioned, that 'ma'a' is conjoined to "la".
The student: To "ladun".
The Shaykh : To "ladun". We say: "With 'ma'a' in it is little." "Ma'a" is the subject, and the sentence is introductory. The sentence is introductory and is not the predicate of "ma'a", because "ma'a" is conjoined to "ladun" and does not need a predicate. "With 'ma'a' in it is little" means: "ma'a" is said in it, but it is rare, but it is rare. You say: "The man is with his companion" (ma'a), and the common form is: "with his companion" (ma'a), and it is an adverb of place, declined in the accusative case due to being an adverb, and its movement is a movement of inflection. It is attached to what follows it. As for the language of "ma'a" with sukun, it remains an adverb of place, but it is built on sukun in the position of the accusative. He said:
"With 'ma'a' in it is little and transferred *** opening and breaking for a connected sukun"
Transferred from whom?
The student: The Arabs.
The Shaykh : From the Arabs. In it, opening and breaking were transferred for a connected sukun. This means: if a sukun connects to it, then according to the Arabs, there are two ways: opening based on the original rule, and breaking based on the original rule as well. Let us look at the opening.[Al-Isra 17:39] [Al-Isra 17:39] It is open here, in both languages. What are the two languages? "Ma'a" and "ma'a" are built on the opening; it is opened. As for the language of its opening, the matter is clear; it remains on the original rule, or not?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : In the language of its opening, it remains on the original rule. As for the language of its being built on sukun, it was moved with an opening to prevent the meeting of two sukuns. So you say: It is built on sukun and was moved with an opening to prevent the meeting of two sukuns. Yes, good. And it is permissible to say: "I came with the man" (ma'i al-rajuli). This is his statement: "opening and breaking." Is it permissible to say "with the man" (ma'a al-rajul)?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : "With the man" is permissible? It is permissible. And it is permissible to say: "I came with the man" (ma'i al-rajul). "I came with the man" (ma'i al-rajul). This is not possible except in the language of sukun, because in the language of its inflection by opening, there is no need for breaking, since two sukuns did not meet such that we would need to break it. But in the language of sukun, if a sukun connects to it, it is broken. Why?
The student: To prevent the meeting of two sukuns.
The Shaykh : To prevent the meeting of two sukuns. Yes, well done.
The summary now: "Ma'a" has two languages. One of them: The rule from this is that "ma'a" is bound to addition. And it has two languages: one is inflection, and it is declined in the accusative case with an opening. The second is building, and it is built on sukun. And in this language, if a sukun connects to it, it is opened and broken. So you say: "I came with the man" (ma'a al-rajuli), and "I came with the man" (ma'i al-rajuli). Yes, and Allah knows best.
The student: To "ladun".
The Shaykh : To "ladun". We say: "With 'ma'a' in it is little." "Ma'a" is the subject, and the sentence is introductory. The sentence is introductory and is not the predicate of "ma'a", because "ma'a" is conjoined to "ladun" and does not need a predicate. "With 'ma'a' in it is little" means: "ma'a" is said in it, but it is rare, but it is rare. You say: "The man is with his companion" (ma'a), and the common form is: "with his companion" (ma'a), and it is an adverb of place, declined in the accusative case due to being an adverb, and its movement is a movement of inflection. It is attached to what follows it. As for the language of "ma'a" with sukun, it remains an adverb of place, but it is built on sukun in the position of the accusative. He said:
"With 'ma'a' in it is little and transferred *** opening and breaking for a connected sukun"
Transferred from whom?
The student: The Arabs.
The Shaykh : From the Arabs. In it, opening and breaking were transferred for a connected sukun. This means: if a sukun connects to it, then according to the Arabs, there are two ways: opening based on the original rule, and breaking based on the original rule as well. Let us look at the opening.
do not make [as equal] with Allah another deity
ولا تجعل مع الله إلها آخرdo not make [as equal] with Allah
ولا تجعل مع اللهThe student: Yes.
The Shaykh : In the language of its opening, it remains on the original rule. As for the language of its being built on sukun, it was moved with an opening to prevent the meeting of two sukuns. So you say: It is built on sukun and was moved with an opening to prevent the meeting of two sukuns. Yes, good. And it is permissible to say: "I came with the man" (ma'i al-rajuli). This is his statement: "opening and breaking." Is it permissible to say "with the man" (ma'a al-rajul)?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : "With the man" is permissible? It is permissible. And it is permissible to say: "I came with the man" (ma'i al-rajul). "I came with the man" (ma'i al-rajul). This is not possible except in the language of sukun, because in the language of its inflection by opening, there is no need for breaking, since two sukuns did not meet such that we would need to break it. But in the language of sukun, if a sukun connects to it, it is broken. Why?
The student: To prevent the meeting of two sukuns.
The Shaykh : To prevent the meeting of two sukuns. Yes, well done.
The summary now: "Ma'a" has two languages. One of them: The rule from this is that "ma'a" is bound to addition. And it has two languages: one is inflection, and it is declined in the accusative case with an opening. The second is building, and it is built on sukun. And in this language, if a sukun connects to it, it is opened and broken. So you say: "I came with the man" (ma'a al-rajuli), and "I came with the man" (ma'i al-rajuli). Yes, and Allah knows best.