Continuation of the explanation of the author's statement: "... upon the resident men for the five obligatory prayers ..."

The Shaykh : When the time for prayer arrives, and this applies to all five prayers, and because the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had a mu'adhdhin who was consistent in calling the adhan for the five prayers, it became obligatory for the prayers... There is no adhan for the 'Id prayer, no adhan for the prayer for rain, no adhan for the two rak'ahs of the Duha prayer. The point is that it is only for the five prayers. As for a vowed prayer, if a person vows to pray two rak'ahs for Allah, is the adhan called? No, because it is not one of the five obligatory prayers. Now, regarding the prayer performed in its proper time, this excludes the prayer made up after its time. For the prayer made up after its time, the adhan is not obligatory, but it is a recommended practice (sunnah) to call the adhan for it, though it is not obligatory. Note that this is the position of the author, and his reasoning is that the adhan was not known in the time of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) except for the five prayers performed in their proper time. However, the correct view is that the adhan and iqamah are obligatory for the five prayers, whether performed in their proper time or made up after their time. The evidence for this is that when the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) slept through the Fajr prayer during a journey and did not wake up until after the sun had risen, he ordered Bilal to call the adhan and the iqamah. This indicates that it is obligatory. Therefore, prayers made up after their time are like those performed in their proper time, due to the generality of the statement of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) which includes the arrival of the prayer time after the time has passed, the arrival of the prayer time within its time, and the arrival of the prayer time after the time has passed. The arrival after the time is conceivable in cases where one sleeps through it or forgets it, as the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said . However, if a person is in a town where the adhan has already been called for the prayer, such as if a group of people slept in a room in the town and did not wake up until after the sun had risen, do they call the adhan, or is it obligatory for them to call the adhan? The answer is no, relying on the general adhan in the town, because the general adhan in the town has achieved the collective obligation (fard kifayah) and the obligation has been lifted. But if they slept in the desert and then woke up, it is obligatory for them, according to the correct view, to call the adhan. The author's statement "for the five prayers" is valid provided that the prayer is not combined with another prayer. In that case, one adhan is sufficient. So if one combines the Zuhr and 'Asr prayers, one adhan is sufficient for both. If one combines the Maghrib and 'Isha' prayers, one adhan is sufficient for both. However, the iqamah is necessary for each prayer, i.e., the iqamah for every prayer, as is authentically reported from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) in the Farewell Pilgrimage in the hadith of Jabir, when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) combined the Zuhr and 'Asr prayers at 'Arafah and the Maghrib and 'Isha' prayers at Muzdalifah. The result is that we have understood from these phrases of the author: First, the ruling on the adhan and iqamah, which is that they are a collective obligation (fard kifayah). Second, that there must be conditions. The first condition is that they be men. The second is that they be residents. The third is for the five prayers. The fourth is for the prayers performed in their proper time, not those made up after their time. Also, the word "men" implies that it is not obligatory for a single person. It implies that the adhan and iqamah are not obligatory for a single person, and that is the case. The adhan and iqamah are not obligatory for a single person, but it is a recommended practice (sunnah) for him, because it was reported regarding one who tends his sheep and calls the adhan for prayer that Allah the Exalted forgives him and rewards him for it. This indicates the recommendation of the adhan for the one praying alone, and that it is not obligatory. So the conditions are now five: men, and what else? Residents, for the five prayers, performed in their proper time, and not being a single person. Not being a single person, so it is not obligatory for the single person. And we can say that this is understood from the word "men" if we intend by it the actual plural and not the generic. In that case, the conditions would be four. Yes, that is correct.

The questioner : Is the adhan obligatory for the resident or not...