Explanation of the words of Imam al-Nawawi (may Allah have mercy on him) regarding what he quoted: "

The Shaykh : In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful:
The author (may Allah have mercy on him) said, regarding what he quoted from 'Amr ibn al-Ahwas al-Jashmi (may Allah be pleased with him), that he heard the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) delivering the Farewell Sermon. This took place at 'Arafah, because the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) arrived in Makkah on Sunday, the fourth of Dhul-Hijjah, during the Farewell Pilgrimage, and remained there until Thursday, the eighth of Dhul-Hijjah.
He left on Thursday morning for Mina, where he prayed the midday, afternoon, sunset, night, and dawn prayers. When the sun rose, he proceeded to 'Arafah and stopped at Namirah, which is a known place before 'Arafah and is not part of 'Arafah. Then the sun passed its zenith and the time for the midday prayer arrived, so he ordered his camel to be saddled. It was saddled for him and he mounted it until he reached the valley of 'Uranah, which is a large wadi that bounds 'Arafah from the western side to the northern side. He stopped there, and then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) delivered a great and eloquent sermon to the people. Among the things he said was his advice to his community regarding women. He said: , and in the narration of Jabir: : "Al-'Awani" is the plural of "a'aniyyah," which means a captive. This means that the wife is with her husband in the position of a captive with the one who captured him, because he has authority over her, and if he has authority over her, she is like a captive in his hands.
Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) clarified that we have no right to strike them except if they commit a clear lewdness. Here, "lewdness" means disobedience to the husband, as evidenced by his saying: , meaning if the wife errs in the rights of her husband, he first admonishes her, then abandons her in the bed, not sleeping with her, then strikes her with a non-harmful strike.
These are the stages of disciplining a woman if she commits a clear lewdness, which is disobedience to the husband in what is obligatory for him: : meaning do not strike them and do not fall short in their rights, because they have fulfilled the obligation.
Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) clarified the right they have and the right they owe, and he said: : meaning they should not let anyone sit on the bed, whether the sleeping bed or otherwise, if you dislike that person sitting on the bed of your house. And, with knowledge belonging to Allah, this seems to be an analogy, and the meaning is: that they should not honor anyone you dislike, because this is contrary to your interests, to honor someone you dislike by letting them sit on the beds or serving them food, or the like of that.
And that they should not allow in your homes anyone you dislike, meaning they should not let anyone enter the house if you dislike their entry, even if it is her mother or father. It is not permissible for her to let her mother or father, or her sister or brother, or her uncle or maternal uncle, or her aunt or maternal aunt, enter her husband's house if he dislikes it.
I pointed this out because some women, and I seek refuge in Allah, are evil, evil even to their own daughter. If she sees that her husband is angry with her, she is overcome with jealousy, and I seek refuge in Allah, and she is the mother. Then she tries to sow discord between the daughter, her own daughter, and her husband. This mother, the husband has the right to say to his wife: "Do not enter my house." He has the right to prevent her, according to the Shari'ah, and he has the right to prevent his wife from going to her, because she is a talebearer who ruins things. And the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: : meaning a talebearer.
: So the husband is the one who provides for his wife, even if she is wealthy. If she is an employee, he has no right to her job or her salary. He has not a single coin of it; it is all hers, and he is obligated to provide for her. If he says: "How can I provide for you when you are wealthy? You have a salary?" She says: "Yes, provide for me." And he is obligated to provide for her. If he refuses, the judge has the right to annul the marriage against the husband's will, because he is obligated to provide for her.
This great sermon, the Sermon of the Farewell Pilgrimage, is one in which the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) established many of the principles of religion and rights. Until he (peace and blessings be upon him) said, among the things he said: : The usury of the pre-Islamic age. They were in the pre-Islamic age—we ask Allah for safety—if a debt came due on a poor man, they would say to him: "Either you increase it or you pay it." "Pay it" means pay us back, and "increase it" means we add to your debt until it becomes multiplied.
So he (peace and blessings be upon him) said in the Farewell Pilgrimage, as a judge and legislator: : meaning under my foot, it has no standing, no validity. Then he said: : Allah is the Greatest, explicitly, a great explicitness and established justice, , from al-'Abbas? The uncle of the Messenger, .
If he were from the people of this world in the present time, he would deny it and not inform the people that his uncle was taking usury, and he would leave his uncle's usury as it was. But the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), who is the pinnacle of creation in justice, said: : All of al-'Abbas's usury is abolished, annulled. The one who owes the usury does not pay it. Al-'Abbas has only his principal.
And this is like his saying (peace and blessings be upon him) when the people came to intercede for a woman from Banu Makhzum who used to borrow utensils. She would say to people: "Give me the pot on loan to cook with, and I will give it back to you." When they lent it to her, she would deny it, saying: "I have nothing, and you did not lend me anything." So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered that her hand be cut off because she was a thief.
The leaders of Quraysh were concerned about her case because she was a woman from Banu Makhzum, one of the great tribes of Quraysh. They were concerned about the matter and came to intercede for her. He (peace and blessings be upon him) stood up and delivered a sermon to the people. I do not like to pass over the fact that, after I had intended to pass over it, they brought Usamah ibn Zayd to intercede with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).
Do you know who Usamah is? Usamah is the son of the Prophet's freed slave, Zayd ibn Harithah. Zayd was a slave that Khadijah gave to the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), so he freed him. Then he came with Usamah, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) loved them both, loved Usamah and his father Zayd. So they said to Usamah: "Intercede with the Messenger."
When he came to intercede, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) rebuked him and said: : a rebuke of reprimand.
Then he stood up and delivered a sermon to the people and said to them words that are eternal and great: , and this is injustice and oppression. Who is more deserving of pardon: the weak one who finds nothing, or the noble, great one? The second is more deserving if there were a distinction, but there is no distinction here; it is a limit from the limits of Allah.
Then he said: : meaning I swear by Allah : and she is more noble than the woman from Banu Makhzum, more noble in lineage, and she is undoubtedly closer to being stronger in religion, and she is better than the woman from Banu Makhzum, because she is the lady of the women of Paradise (may Allah be pleased with her).
He said: : an oath, even if he was not asked to swear, to affirm this ruling and to show the importance of : and she is more noble than this woman from Banu Makhzum, the most noble of humans, . What do you say about this justice? It is the pinnacle of human justice; there is no justice issued by any human being like this justice from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).
The important thing is that the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) delivered a great sermon in the Farewell Pilgrimage, which Shaykh 'Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn Hamid (may Allah have mercy on him), the head of the judges in this kingdom in his time, explained. He explained it briefly, but it is beneficial. So whoever wishes, let him refer to it, because it is beneficial. And success is from Allah.