Explanation of the Book of Marriage-03

The Shaykh : Then the author said: "And from Sahl ibn Sa'd al-Sa'idi (may Allah be pleased with them both), he said:

A woman came to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and said, "O Allah's Messenger, I came to offer myself to you (in marriage)." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) looked her up and down (carefully), and then Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) lowed his head.

جاءت امرأة إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقالت : يا رسول الله جئت أهب لك نفسي ، فنظر إليها رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فصعد النظر فيها وصوبه ثم طأطأ رأسه

Bulugh al-Maram 8:13

".
He said: An unknown woman, meaning: not identified. The fact that the woman is not identified does not affect the meaning, because the principle is that rulings are general. We find some people making an effort to identify the person, when in reality there is no need for it, except if a legal ruling depends on identifying him. In that case, we must know him. But if the matter does not change whether we know his identity or not, there is no need to trouble ourselves with what? With seeking identification.
I offer. The gift is giving to a person without compensation. And this, I mean: the woman offering herself to a person to marry her, is from the special characteristics of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), as Allah the Exalted said: meaning, and We made lawful to you a believing woman
He raised it, he lowered it. Allah the Exalted said: Sa'ib means rain falling from the sky, , because he was now a suitor, and a suitor is permitted to look at the woman he is courting. For this reason, he raised his gaze and then lowered it. This is from one aspect. From another aspect, many scholars have mentioned that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has special characteristics regarding looking and being alone with a woman. It is permissible for him to look at a woman and to be alone with her. This is because the temptation is safe, to the utmost degree of safety, regarding the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). The original reason for prohibiting looking is the fear of temptation; otherwise, the woman would be like the man. But out of fear of temptation, looking was prohibited and being alone was prohibited. But for the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), the temptation is safe, to the utmost degree of safety. For this reason, it was permissible for him to look at a non-mahram woman and to be alone with her. However, we have another cause in this hadith, and what is it? The proposal. Good.
Meaning he lowered it. He lowered it, meaning he stopped looking at her. This is from the good character of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), that he does not reject someone or shock them. If he had said to her: I do not want you, that would have been a great shock. But he lowered his head and remained silent. And the woman, from her understanding, sat down and did not leave.
Meaning desire. Marry me to her. This is a request and a plea, not a command, because a Companion like him does not command the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). But this is from the category of hoping and pleading that he marry him to her. He said: Do you have anything? First, the guidance of Allah indicates to us from something?
The student: From something is the subject.

The Shaykh : The subject, yes, correct, and the predicate is for you.
The student: With you.

The Shaykh : With you is the predicate. Here we say: that "something" is a subject raised by the subject marker, with a presumed dammah on its end, prevented from appearing because the position is occupied by the movement of the extra preposition. So it is an indefinite noun accompanied by an extra preposition, indicating generality. Meaning: Do you have anything? Any thing whatsoever. But this indefinite noun is restricted by what? By being valid as a mahr (bridal gift). Meaning: Do you have anything that is valid to be a mahr? This is not true of a grain of barley, as the Zahiriyyah said. The Zahiriyyah say it is valid for the mahr to be a grain of barley. Why?
The student: Because it is something.

The Shaykh : Because it is something, and it is general. But this is a general statement specified to mean that this thing must be of value, by the evidence of the saying of Allah the Exalted: What? It must be wealth or benefit, as will come, if Allah wills, in the benefits of the hadith.
Good. The man swore that he had nothing. It is known that the man had something, but he did not have anything to offer her. Otherwise, he had a wrap, no doubt. He had family. But the intended meaning is something to offer her. So he said:
Go to your family and look. If someone were to say: How does he order him to go to his family to look, when he has already sworn that he will not find anything?
The answer is: that a person swears based on his predominant belief, and perhaps this belief is the case, but if you search, you might find it. And often a person forgets things in his house and swears that he does not have them, then he goes looking and finds them. For this reason, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: Glory be to Allah! Did he not find even a single coin? Yes, meaning the situation of the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) in this world was not open to them. Yes, so he said: Look, meaning do they have anything, even if it is just an iron ring. The ring is known, and iron is known, and this is an example of smallness. Meaning, even if it is the smallest amount, if it is a ring, yes, of iron, give it to her and do so. This is not based on the concept of the engagement ring as some people think, meaning a ring you put on her for the sake of... No, the intended meaning is even if it is a cheap thing like an iron ring. Good. Because the man was poor. And the man did not have a cloak. He did not have anything but a wrap, with which he covered his awrah and what hung down from his body. Sahl said: It had no cloak. The speech is connected. Even if you gave the woman half of it as mahr, what would you do? Would she benefit from it? No. For this reason, he said: The wrap, and perhaps it was a single piece. Also, if it were pieces, it might be divided, but it was a single piece. And if you gave it to her, you would have nothing left, and if it remained with you, she would have nothing. So he said: