Continuation of the discussion on the impediments to declension: "Scientific and compositional"
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The Shaykh : I think we have finished with the four: "Gather the measure of 'Adala and make it feminine". Now, with knowledge of this scientific aspect... the scientific aspect "Compose". The compositional aspect is the mixed composition. The mixed composition, and the grammarians say that compositions are of types: the attributive composition, the predicative composition, and the mixed composition. The attributive composition is what occurs between the noun and the noun it is attributed to, as if you say: "This is so-and-so's book." "So-and-so's book" is a compound of what type of composition?
The student: Attributive.
The Shaykh : Attributive. The predicative composition is what is composed of a subject and a predicate, or a verb and a subject. What is composed of a subject and a predicate, or a verb and a subject. We have no concern with these two types, the compound composed attributively and the compound composed predicatively, in any way whatsoever. Why? Because the compound composed attributively is declined according to the grammatical factors, and the compound composed predicatively has its movements estimated. Its movements are estimated.
An example of a compound composed attributively: if you say "Zayd's boy came," then "Zayd's boy" is a compound composed attributively, and its declension is clear. "Boy" is the subject, and "boy" is the attributed noun, and "Zayd's" is the noun to which it is attributed. It is clear. The predicative composition is when you name a person "Zayd standing." A person whom you named "Zayd standing," meaning a man was born to him and he named him "Zayd standing." This is what we call a compound composed predicatively. This.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : No, no. "Zayd standing" is predicative. This is what we call a compound composed predicatively. We decline it with estimated movements on its end. We decline it with estimated movements on its end. So we say: "Zayd standing came," meaning the one named with this name came. "Came" is a past tense verb. "Zayd standing" is raised with an estimated dammah on its end, prevented from appearing by the narration. Now, there is a man named "Young man of our era." His real name is "Young man of our era." "Young man of our era came." "I saw Young man of our era." "I passed by Young man of our era." We have no intervention in this. Why? Because it is declined with estimated movements on its end, prevented from appearing by the narration, because we are narrating the sentence. Now, the mixed composition is what the poet or the composer refers to in his saying: "Compose". The mixed composition is when you take two words and make them one word, like Hadramawt. Hadramawt is a word composed of "Hadr" and "Mawt." Baalbek is composed of what? Of "Baal" and "Bak." They call this a mixed composition. This compound composed mixedly is raised with a dammah, declined with a fathah, and genitive with a fathah in place of the kasrah, because it is a name that is not declined. The impediment to its declension is the scientific aspect and the mixed composition. Now, you say: "I traveled to Hadramawt." Yes. "Traveled" is a verb and a subject, and "to" is a preposition, and "Hadramawt" is a noun in the genitive case by "to," and the sign of its genitive is the fathah in place of the kasrah, because it is a name that is not declined. The impediment to its declension is the scientific aspect and the mixed composition. And Allah knows best.
The student: Attributive.
The Shaykh : Attributive. The predicative composition is what is composed of a subject and a predicate, or a verb and a subject. What is composed of a subject and a predicate, or a verb and a subject. We have no concern with these two types, the compound composed attributively and the compound composed predicatively, in any way whatsoever. Why? Because the compound composed attributively is declined according to the grammatical factors, and the compound composed predicatively has its movements estimated. Its movements are estimated.
An example of a compound composed attributively: if you say "Zayd's boy came," then "Zayd's boy" is a compound composed attributively, and its declension is clear. "Boy" is the subject, and "boy" is the attributed noun, and "Zayd's" is the noun to which it is attributed. It is clear. The predicative composition is when you name a person "Zayd standing." A person whom you named "Zayd standing," meaning a man was born to him and he named him "Zayd standing." This is what we call a compound composed predicatively. This.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : No, no. "Zayd standing" is predicative. This is what we call a compound composed predicatively. We decline it with estimated movements on its end. We decline it with estimated movements on its end. So we say: "Zayd standing came," meaning the one named with this name came. "Came" is a past tense verb. "Zayd standing" is raised with an estimated dammah on its end, prevented from appearing by the narration. Now, there is a man named "Young man of our era." His real name is "Young man of our era." "Young man of our era came." "I saw Young man of our era." "I passed by Young man of our era." We have no intervention in this. Why? Because it is declined with estimated movements on its end, prevented from appearing by the narration, because we are narrating the sentence. Now, the mixed composition is what the poet or the composer refers to in his saying: "Compose". The mixed composition is when you take two words and make them one word, like Hadramawt. Hadramawt is a word composed of "Hadr" and "Mawt." Baalbek is composed of what? Of "Baal" and "Bak." They call this a mixed composition. This compound composed mixedly is raised with a dammah, declined with a fathah, and genitive with a fathah in place of the kasrah, because it is a name that is not declined. The impediment to its declension is the scientific aspect and the mixed composition. Now, you say: "I traveled to Hadramawt." Yes. "Traveled" is a verb and a subject, and "to" is a preposition, and "Hadramawt" is a noun in the genitive case by "to," and the sign of its genitive is the fathah in place of the kasrah, because it is a name that is not declined. The impediment to its declension is the scientific aspect and the mixed composition. And Allah knows best.