Explanation of the author's (may Allah have mercy on him) statement: " . . .
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh :"And the hidden pronouns are twelve, such as when you say: I hit, we hit, you (masculine) hit, you (feminine) hit, you two (masculine) hit, you (masculine plural) hit, you (feminine plural) hit, he hit, she hit, the two of them (masculine) hit, they (masculine) hit, and they (feminine) hit" So, the hidden pronouns here are the hidden pronouns in the subject, except that the construction of the verb differs. The construction of the verb differs, so we say, for example, in your saying "I hit," "hit" is a past tense verb constructed for the unknown. If you wish, say as the author did: constructed for what whose subject was not named. Constructed for what whose subject was not named. And our saying "what whose subject was not named" is more precise than saying "unknown," because the subject may be known but not named. So, His saying, the Exalted, the subject is known, not unknown.
The student: Known.
The Shaykh : Who is he?
The student: Allah, Mighty and Majestic.
The Shaykh : Allah, but we did not name Him. Therefore, the author's expression in his saying "The chapter on what whose subject was not named", the chapter on the object whose subject was not named, is better than saying "the substitute for the subject." It is better than saying "constructed for the unknown." Constructed for the unknown. So, we say: "was hit" is a past tense verb constructed for what whose subject was not named. Good. And here it is constructed on sukun (stillness). And on what? "You (masculine) were hit" was constructed on sukun because of its connection to the moving nominative pronoun and the taa.
The student: The substitute for the subject.
The Shaykh : Here, the substitute for the subject is constructed on damm (raised vowel) in the position of nominative, because the substitute for the subject takes the place of the subject. Good. "You two (masculine) were hit." "Was hit" is a past tense verb constructed for what whose subject was not named, and it was constructed on sukun because of its connection to the moving nominative pronoun and the taa. And the taa is a substitute for the subject constructed on damm in the position of...
The student: In the position of nominative.
The Shaykh : Constructed on damm in the position of what?
The student: In the position of nominative.
The Shaykh : The substitute for the subject.
The student: Nominative.
The Shaykh : By Allah, you are strange. There should be one phrase in your minds that does not involve hesitation: constructed on damm in the position of nominative, substitute for the subject. It does not require hesitation. Good. And the mīm and the alif are the markers of duality. The mīm and the alif are the markers of duality. Good. "You (feminine plural) were hit."
The student: You (feminine plural) were hit.
The Shaykh : "Was hit" is a past tense verb.
The student: You (feminine plural) were hit.
The Shaykh : "You (feminine plural) were hit" is correct. "You (feminine plural) were hit." "Was hit" is a past tense verb constructed for what whose subject was not named, and it was constructed on sukun because of its connection to the moving nominative pronoun and the taa. Subject.
The student: The substitute for the doer.
The Shaykh : May Allah bless you. If I make a mistake, correct me. And the taa is a substitute for the subject constructed on damm in the position of nominative, and the nūn is for the women. Good. "The two of them (masculine) were hit." "Was hit" "Was hit" is a past tense verb constructed for what whose subject was not named, and the substitute for the subject is hidden.
The student: By permission.
The Shaykh : By permission or by obligation?
The student: By permission.
The Shaykh : Why?
The student: Its estimation is "he."
The Shaykh : Because its estimation is "he," and what is estimated as "he" is by permission. By permission. Its estimation is "he." Good. "The two of them (masculine) were hit" "The two of them (masculine) were hit" is a past tense verb constructed for what whose subject was not named, and the alif is a substitute for the subject constructed on sukun in the position of nominative. Correct. Good. What remains of the author is the second one, which is "the two of them (feminine) were hit," just as we said in the subject: "the two of them (feminine) hit." The author (may Allah have mercy on him) omitted it. Therefore, it is necessary that we make the pronouns thirteen. Good. "They (masculine) were hit" We say:
The student: "Was hit" is a past tense verb.
The Shaykh : "Was hit" is a past tense verb constructed for what whose subject was not named. Well done. Train your tongue to say "constructed for what whose subject was not named." And it was constructed on damm because of its connection to the wāw of the group. And the wāw is a substitute for the subject constructed on sukun in the position of nominative. "And they (feminine) were hit" We say: "Was hit" is a past tense verb constructed for what whose subject was not named, and it was constructed on sukun because of its connection to the moving nominative pronoun.
The student: "They (feminine) were hit" was constructed on...
The Shaykh : Sukun.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Constructed on sukun because of its connection to the moving nominative pronoun. Correct. What is it? It is the moving nominative pronoun.
The student: They (feminine) were hit.
The Shaykh : Yes, correct. It is a nominative pronoun. Good. And the nūn is a substitute for the subject. The substitute for the subject is constructed on fath (open vowel) in the position of nominative. Good. So, what we have learned now does not contradict. What we have learned now is that the ruling of the substitute for the subject is the ruling of what? The subject. But it differs from it in that the verb with it changes. It changes so that we know the difference between the subject and the substitute for the subject. Like this. Good. Let us take examples on this, because it is easy.
He created man
خلق الإنسانThe student: Known.
The Shaykh : Who is he?
The student: Allah, Mighty and Majestic.
The Shaykh : Allah, but we did not name Him. Therefore, the author's expression in his saying "The chapter on what whose subject was not named", the chapter on the object whose subject was not named, is better than saying "the substitute for the subject." It is better than saying "constructed for the unknown." Constructed for the unknown. So, we say: "was hit" is a past tense verb constructed for what whose subject was not named. Good. And here it is constructed on sukun (stillness). And on what? "You (masculine) were hit" was constructed on sukun because of its connection to the moving nominative pronoun and the taa.
The student: The substitute for the subject.
The Shaykh : Here, the substitute for the subject is constructed on damm (raised vowel) in the position of nominative, because the substitute for the subject takes the place of the subject. Good. "You two (masculine) were hit." "Was hit" is a past tense verb constructed for what whose subject was not named, and it was constructed on sukun because of its connection to the moving nominative pronoun and the taa. And the taa is a substitute for the subject constructed on damm in the position of...
The student: In the position of nominative.
The Shaykh : Constructed on damm in the position of what?
The student: In the position of nominative.
The Shaykh : The substitute for the subject.
The student: Nominative.
The Shaykh : By Allah, you are strange. There should be one phrase in your minds that does not involve hesitation: constructed on damm in the position of nominative, substitute for the subject. It does not require hesitation. Good. And the mīm and the alif are the markers of duality. The mīm and the alif are the markers of duality. Good. "You (feminine plural) were hit."
The student: You (feminine plural) were hit.
The Shaykh : "Was hit" is a past tense verb.
The student: You (feminine plural) were hit.
The Shaykh : "You (feminine plural) were hit" is correct. "You (feminine plural) were hit." "Was hit" is a past tense verb constructed for what whose subject was not named, and it was constructed on sukun because of its connection to the moving nominative pronoun and the taa. Subject.
The student: The substitute for the doer.
The Shaykh : May Allah bless you. If I make a mistake, correct me. And the taa is a substitute for the subject constructed on damm in the position of nominative, and the nūn is for the women. Good. "The two of them (masculine) were hit." "Was hit" "Was hit" is a past tense verb constructed for what whose subject was not named, and the substitute for the subject is hidden.
The student: By permission.
The Shaykh : By permission or by obligation?
The student: By permission.
The Shaykh : Why?
The student: Its estimation is "he."
The Shaykh : Because its estimation is "he," and what is estimated as "he" is by permission. By permission. Its estimation is "he." Good. "The two of them (masculine) were hit" "The two of them (masculine) were hit" is a past tense verb constructed for what whose subject was not named, and the alif is a substitute for the subject constructed on sukun in the position of nominative. Correct. Good. What remains of the author is the second one, which is "the two of them (feminine) were hit," just as we said in the subject: "the two of them (feminine) hit." The author (may Allah have mercy on him) omitted it. Therefore, it is necessary that we make the pronouns thirteen. Good. "They (masculine) were hit" We say:
The student: "Was hit" is a past tense verb.
The Shaykh : "Was hit" is a past tense verb constructed for what whose subject was not named. Well done. Train your tongue to say "constructed for what whose subject was not named." And it was constructed on damm because of its connection to the wāw of the group. And the wāw is a substitute for the subject constructed on sukun in the position of nominative. "And they (feminine) were hit" We say: "Was hit" is a past tense verb constructed for what whose subject was not named, and it was constructed on sukun because of its connection to the moving nominative pronoun.
The student: "They (feminine) were hit" was constructed on...
The Shaykh : Sukun.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Constructed on sukun because of its connection to the moving nominative pronoun. Correct. What is it? It is the moving nominative pronoun.
The student: They (feminine) were hit.
The Shaykh : Yes, correct. It is a nominative pronoun. Good. And the nūn is a substitute for the subject. The substitute for the subject is constructed on fath (open vowel) in the position of nominative. Good. So, what we have learned now does not contradict. What we have learned now is that the ruling of the substitute for the subject is the ruling of what? The subject. But it differs from it in that the verb with it changes. It changes so that we know the difference between the subject and the substitute for the subject. Like this. Good. Let us take examples on this, because it is easy.