Explanation of the author's (may Allah have mercy on him) statement: " . . .
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The Shaykh : All right, "The attached pronouns are twelve, and they are: struck me, struck us, struck you (masc.), struck you (fem.), struck you two, struck you (masc. pl.), struck you two, struck you (masc. pl.), struck you (fem. pl.), struck him, struck her, struck them two, struck them (masc. pl.), and struck them (fem. pl.)", how many are these?
The student: Twelve.
The Shaykh : Shall we memorize them?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : All right, struck me, struck us, struck you (masc.), struck you (fem.), struck you two, struck you (masc. pl.), struck you (fem. pl.), struck him, struck her, struck them two, struck them (masc. pl.), and struck them (fem. pl.), these are twelve. Where is the pronoun in these twelve? We say: the yaa in "struck me" is the pronoun, and the nūn in "struck us" is the pronoun. The kāf in "struck you (masc.)," "struck you (fem.)," "struck you two," "struck you (masc. pl.)," and "struck you (fem. pl.)" is the pronoun. In "struck you (masc.)" and "struck you (fem.)," nothing was added to the kāf. In "struck you two," a mīm and an alif were added to indicate that the pronoun is a dual pronoun. In "struck you (masc. pl.)," it was added to indicate that the pronoun is a masculine plural pronoun. In "struck you (fem. pl.)," the nūn was added to indicate that the pronoun is a feminine plural pronoun?
The student: Feminine plural.
The Shaykh : Feminine plural. All right, in "struck him," the hā' is the pronoun. In "struck her," the hā' is the pronoun. In "struck them two," the hā' is the pronoun, and the mīm and alif are for the dual. In "struck them (masc. pl.)," the hā' is the pronoun, and the mīm is for the masculine plural. In "struck them (fem. pl.)," the hā' is the pronoun, and the nūn is for the feminine plural. All right, now for the grammatical analysis. "Struck me": We say "struck" is a past tense verb, the nūn is for protection, and the yaa is an attached pronoun, built on sukūn, in the position of an object in the accusative case. All right, "struck" is a past tense verb, clear. The nūn is for protection. What is this protection for? They say: because if you did not use the nūn, it would be necessary to break the verb (put it in the kasrah case), because the yaa is only compatible with kasrah. And it is known that breaking the verb is not permissible in the language. So if it is not permissible, something must protect it from being broken. What is it? What is it?
The student: The nūn.
The Shaykh : And it is the nūn. So it is called the nūn of protection because it protects the verb from what?
The student: The kasr.
The Shaykh : From being broken. So if someone asks: What obligates us to break the verb? We say: the yaa. Because when the yaa comes immediately after the verb, it is necessary to break the verb for compatibility, and this is impossible. Therefore, we brought the nūn and said: the nūn is for protection. All right, "struck us"? "Struck" is a past tense verb built on fathah, and "na" is an attached pronoun built on sukūn in the position of an object in the accusative case. Is that right?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : All right, if I said "struck us" with sukūn on the baa? Then "na" becomes the subject, not the object. Therefore, if I said "Zayd did not treat us fairly" or "Zayd did not treat us fairly," where is the object? "Zayd did not treat us fairly" or "Zayd did not treat us fairly"?
The student: Zayd did not treat us fairly.
The Shaykh : Let's see. If he is the one who wronged us, if Zayd is the one who wronged us, then we say: "Zayd did not treat us fairly." And if we are the ones who wronged him, then we say: "We did not treat Zayd fairly." According to the meaning. All right, "struck us" is this, and "struck you (masc.)"? "Struck you (masc.)": "Struck" is a past tense verb built on fathah, and the kāf is an attached pronoun built on fathah in the position of the accusative. And "struck you (fem.)"? "Struck" is a past tense verb, and the kāf is an attached pronoun built on kasrah in the position of the accusative. What is the difference between "struck you (masc.)" and "struck you (fem.)"? Brother! You?
The student: "Struck you (fem.)" is feminine.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: "Struck you (masc.)" is a man.
The Shaykh : Masculine. Perfect. All right, and "struck you two"? We say: "Struck" is a past tense verb, and the kāf is an attached pronoun built on dammah in the position of the accusative. And the mīm and alif?
The student: A sign of the dual.
The Shaykh : A sign of the dual. All right, is "struck you two" for men or for women?
The student: For both.
The Shaykh : For both, meaning for two men and two women. So you address two women and say to them: "Zayd struck you two." And you address two men and say: "Zayd struck you two." So "struck you two" is for the dual, for both masculine and feminine. "Struck you (masc. pl.)"? "Struck" is a past tense verb, and the kāf is an attached pronoun built on dammah in the position of the accusative, and the mīm is the sign of the masculine plural, specified here as the sign of the masculine plural. "Struck you (fem. pl.)"? "Struck" is a past tense verb built on fathah, and the kāf is an attached pronoun built on dammah in the position of an object in the accusative case, and the nūn is the sign of the feminine plural. All right, "struck him"? Now we have two things: "struck me" is for the speaker, "struck us" is for the speaker and someone else, or for the speaker in the plural form. All right, "struck you (masc.)" is for the addressee, "struck you (fem.)" is for the female addressee, "struck you two" is for the two addressees, whether male or female, "struck you (masc. pl.)" is for the male addressees, and "struck you (fem. pl.)" is for the female addressees. All right, "struck him"? "Struck him" is for the singular absent masculine. So we say in its grammatical analysis: "Struck" is a past tense verb built on fathah, and the hā' is an attached pronoun built on dammah in the position of an object in the accusative case. And "struck her"? "Struck" is a past tense verb built on fathah, the hā' is an attached pronoun built on sukūn in the position of an object in the accusative case. Or do we say "and the hā'"?
The student: The pronoun.
The Shaykh : The hā' or "and the hā'"?
The student: The hā'
The Shaykh : The hā', because the rule is: "If a word is composed of two letters, it is pronounced by its name, and if it is composed of one letter, it is pronounced by its name". All right, "struck them two"? "Struck" is a past tense verb built on fathah, and the hā' is an attached pronoun built on dammah in the position of an object in the accusative case. It is permissible as an object in the accusative case, it is permissible as an object in the accusative case. All right, and the mīm and alif?
The student: A sign of the dual.
The Shaykh : A sign of the dual. "Struck them (masc. pl.)"? "Struck" is a past tense verb built on fathah, and the hā' is an attached pronoun built on dammah in the position of an object in the accusative case, and the mīm is the sign of the masculine plural. All right, "struck them (fem. pl.)"? "Struck" is a past tense verb built on fathah, and the hā' is an attached pronoun built on dammah in the position of an object in the accusative case, and the nūn is the sign of the feminine plural. All right, these are the attached pronouns. These attached pronouns, you have seen now that they are divided into three categories: the speaker, the addressee, and the absent. The speaker: two, "struck me" and "struck us." The addressee: five. The absent: five. So the total now?
The student: Twelve.
The Shaykh : Twelve.
The student: Twelve.
The Shaykh : Shall we memorize them?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : All right, struck me, struck us, struck you (masc.), struck you (fem.), struck you two, struck you (masc. pl.), struck you (fem. pl.), struck him, struck her, struck them two, struck them (masc. pl.), and struck them (fem. pl.), these are twelve. Where is the pronoun in these twelve? We say: the yaa in "struck me" is the pronoun, and the nūn in "struck us" is the pronoun. The kāf in "struck you (masc.)," "struck you (fem.)," "struck you two," "struck you (masc. pl.)," and "struck you (fem. pl.)" is the pronoun. In "struck you (masc.)" and "struck you (fem.)," nothing was added to the kāf. In "struck you two," a mīm and an alif were added to indicate that the pronoun is a dual pronoun. In "struck you (masc. pl.)," it was added to indicate that the pronoun is a masculine plural pronoun. In "struck you (fem. pl.)," the nūn was added to indicate that the pronoun is a feminine plural pronoun?
The student: Feminine plural.
The Shaykh : Feminine plural. All right, in "struck him," the hā' is the pronoun. In "struck her," the hā' is the pronoun. In "struck them two," the hā' is the pronoun, and the mīm and alif are for the dual. In "struck them (masc. pl.)," the hā' is the pronoun, and the mīm is for the masculine plural. In "struck them (fem. pl.)," the hā' is the pronoun, and the nūn is for the feminine plural. All right, now for the grammatical analysis. "Struck me": We say "struck" is a past tense verb, the nūn is for protection, and the yaa is an attached pronoun, built on sukūn, in the position of an object in the accusative case. All right, "struck" is a past tense verb, clear. The nūn is for protection. What is this protection for? They say: because if you did not use the nūn, it would be necessary to break the verb (put it in the kasrah case), because the yaa is only compatible with kasrah. And it is known that breaking the verb is not permissible in the language. So if it is not permissible, something must protect it from being broken. What is it? What is it?
The student: The nūn.
The Shaykh : And it is the nūn. So it is called the nūn of protection because it protects the verb from what?
The student: The kasr.
The Shaykh : From being broken. So if someone asks: What obligates us to break the verb? We say: the yaa. Because when the yaa comes immediately after the verb, it is necessary to break the verb for compatibility, and this is impossible. Therefore, we brought the nūn and said: the nūn is for protection. All right, "struck us"? "Struck" is a past tense verb built on fathah, and "na" is an attached pronoun built on sukūn in the position of an object in the accusative case. Is that right?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : All right, if I said "struck us" with sukūn on the baa? Then "na" becomes the subject, not the object. Therefore, if I said "Zayd did not treat us fairly" or "Zayd did not treat us fairly," where is the object? "Zayd did not treat us fairly" or "Zayd did not treat us fairly"?
The student: Zayd did not treat us fairly.
The Shaykh : Let's see. If he is the one who wronged us, if Zayd is the one who wronged us, then we say: "Zayd did not treat us fairly." And if we are the ones who wronged him, then we say: "We did not treat Zayd fairly." According to the meaning. All right, "struck us" is this, and "struck you (masc.)"? "Struck you (masc.)": "Struck" is a past tense verb built on fathah, and the kāf is an attached pronoun built on fathah in the position of the accusative. And "struck you (fem.)"? "Struck" is a past tense verb, and the kāf is an attached pronoun built on kasrah in the position of the accusative. What is the difference between "struck you (masc.)" and "struck you (fem.)"? Brother! You?
The student: "Struck you (fem.)" is feminine.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: "Struck you (masc.)" is a man.
The Shaykh : Masculine. Perfect. All right, and "struck you two"? We say: "Struck" is a past tense verb, and the kāf is an attached pronoun built on dammah in the position of the accusative. And the mīm and alif?
The student: A sign of the dual.
The Shaykh : A sign of the dual. All right, is "struck you two" for men or for women?
The student: For both.
The Shaykh : For both, meaning for two men and two women. So you address two women and say to them: "Zayd struck you two." And you address two men and say: "Zayd struck you two." So "struck you two" is for the dual, for both masculine and feminine. "Struck you (masc. pl.)"? "Struck" is a past tense verb, and the kāf is an attached pronoun built on dammah in the position of the accusative, and the mīm is the sign of the masculine plural, specified here as the sign of the masculine plural. "Struck you (fem. pl.)"? "Struck" is a past tense verb built on fathah, and the kāf is an attached pronoun built on dammah in the position of an object in the accusative case, and the nūn is the sign of the feminine plural. All right, "struck him"? Now we have two things: "struck me" is for the speaker, "struck us" is for the speaker and someone else, or for the speaker in the plural form. All right, "struck you (masc.)" is for the addressee, "struck you (fem.)" is for the female addressee, "struck you two" is for the two addressees, whether male or female, "struck you (masc. pl.)" is for the male addressees, and "struck you (fem. pl.)" is for the female addressees. All right, "struck him"? "Struck him" is for the singular absent masculine. So we say in its grammatical analysis: "Struck" is a past tense verb built on fathah, and the hā' is an attached pronoun built on dammah in the position of an object in the accusative case. And "struck her"? "Struck" is a past tense verb built on fathah, the hā' is an attached pronoun built on sukūn in the position of an object in the accusative case. Or do we say "and the hā'"?
The student: The pronoun.
The Shaykh : The hā' or "and the hā'"?
The student: The hā'
The Shaykh : The hā', because the rule is: "If a word is composed of two letters, it is pronounced by its name, and if it is composed of one letter, it is pronounced by its name". All right, "struck them two"? "Struck" is a past tense verb built on fathah, and the hā' is an attached pronoun built on dammah in the position of an object in the accusative case. It is permissible as an object in the accusative case, it is permissible as an object in the accusative case. All right, and the mīm and alif?
The student: A sign of the dual.
The Shaykh : A sign of the dual. "Struck them (masc. pl.)"? "Struck" is a past tense verb built on fathah, and the hā' is an attached pronoun built on dammah in the position of an object in the accusative case, and the mīm is the sign of the masculine plural. All right, "struck them (fem. pl.)"? "Struck" is a past tense verb built on fathah, and the hā' is an attached pronoun built on dammah in the position of an object in the accusative case, and the nūn is the sign of the feminine plural. All right, these are the attached pronouns. These attached pronouns, you have seen now that they are divided into three categories: the speaker, the addressee, and the absent. The speaker: two, "struck me" and "struck us." The addressee: five. The absent: five. So the total now?
The student: Twelve.
The Shaykh : Twelve.