Continuation of the Explanation
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The Shaykh : Have we finished with *la* that negates the genus?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : Have we finished or not? It needs to be fixed. Yes, so let your minds be present. The author (may Allah have mercy on him) mentioned three categories. What are they? If it is a direct indefinite that is not repeated, if it is indirect, then raising and repetition are obligatory, and if it is direct with repetition, then what you heard is permissible. In the first case, there are two options, and in the second, there are three options, except if the first is raised, then the accusative in the second is prohibited. The scholars say: The noun of *la* that negates the genus can be compound and can be in the accusative case. This is a continuation of the author’s statement: it can be compound and can be in the accusative case. If it is singular, it is compound, and if it is not singular, it is in the accusative case. If it is singular, it is compound, and if it is not singular, it is in the accusative case. I will repeat it a third time. Is it clear?
The student: It is clear.
The Shaykh : If it is singular, it is compound, and if it is not singular, it is in the accusative case. But what is the singular here? The singular here is what is not a possessive and not similar to a possessive, even if it is a plural. The singular here is what is not a possessive and not similar to a possessive. And the compound... the non-singular is what is a possessive or similar to a possessive. Okay, the compound is built, the singular is built, and the non-singular is in the accusative case. Is it clear, everyone? What is clear?
The student: No, no, it is clear.
The Shaykh : Okay, the noun of *la* can be singular and non-singular. So the singular is compound and the non-singular is in the accusative case. We have now mentioned the two categories and the ruling for each. What are the two categories?
The student: Singular and non-singular.
The Shaykh : Singular and non-singular. The ruling: the singular is built and the non-singular is in the accusative case. We need to know what is singular and what is non-singular? The singular is what is not a possessive and not similar to it. And what is its opposite?
The student: The non-singular.
The Shaykh : The non-singular is what is a possessive or similar to a possessive. Okay, these are three things: the noun of *la* being singular and non-singular, second, the definition of the singular versus the non-singular, third, the ruling for the singular and the non-singular. Correct? Okay, what is the singular?
The student: What is not a possessive and not similar to a possessive.
The Shaykh : What is not a possessive and not similar to it. What is the ruling for the singular?
The student: Built.
The Shaykh : Built. And the non-singular?
The student: Accusative.
The Shaykh : In the accusative case. Okay, wait. If I say: *La rajulan fi al-bayt* (There is no man in the house).
The student: Singular.
The Shaykh : Is it singular?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Because *rajul* is not a possessive and not similar to a possessive. *La rajulayn fi al-bayt* (There are no two men in the house)?
The student: Singular.
The Shaykh : Is it singular? *Rajulayn*, everyone?
The student: Yes, it is singular in this chapter.
The Shaykh : It is not a possessive. Okay, *La muslimayn fi al-balad* (There are no two Muslims in the town).
The student: Singular.
The Shaykh : *La ilaha illa Allah* (There is no god but Allah). May Allah guide you.
The student: Singular, singular.
The Shaykh : Yes, but it is singular because it is not a possessive. Are we done now? Okay, *La ghulaman rajulin hadiran* (There is no boy of a man present)?
The student: Non-singular.
The Shaykh : So what will it be?
The student: Attached.
The Shaykh : In the accusative case. For this reason, we say: *La rajulan fi al-bayt*, *la* negates the genus, and *rajul* is its noun, built on the fathah in the position of the accusative case. *La ghulaman rajulin hadiran*, we say, *la* negates the genus, and *ghulam* is its noun, in the accusative case by it. We do not say it is built; we say it is in the accusative case by it. And what is the sign of its accusative case?
The student: The visible fathah.
The Shaykh : The visible fathah at its end. Is it clear now? Okay, the similar to a possessive is what has nothing attached to it from the completion of its meaning. This similar to a possessive is what has nothing attached to it from the completion of its meaning. Is it clear? Okay, its example: *La zaliman li al-nas muflihun* (No wrongdoer to people will succeed). Look, is *zaliman* a possessive?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : Is it similar to a possessive because something is attached to it, which is *li al-nas* (to people)? So we say: This is similar to a possessive, and we put the noun of *la* in the accusative case, we put it in the accusative case. We say: *La zaliman li al-'ibad muflihun* (No wrongdoer to the servants will succeed), or not?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Okay, we complete a specific discussion with this. So we say: The noun of *la* can be singular and non-singular. The singular is what is not a possessive and not similar to a possessive. The non-singular is what is a possessive or similar to a possessive. The singular is built with *la*, and the non-singular is in the accusative case. Okay, if I say: *La rajulayn huna* (There are no two men here)?
The student: Singular.
The Shaykh : Is it singular? Okay, how do I parse it? I say: *La* negates the genus, *rajulayn* is its noun, built on the yaa in place of the fathah in the position of the accusative case. If I said it is in the accusative case by the yaa, it would be a grammatical error. A grammatical error because the singular is built. So I say it is built on the yaa in place of the fathah in the position of the accusative case. Okay, if I say: *La muslimayn fi hadha al-balad* (There are no two Muslims in this town), pointing to a distant town. Is it singular, and we say *La muslimayn*?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Yes, why?
The student: Because it is not a possessive and not similar to a possessive.
The Shaykh : Because it is not a possessive and not similar to it. For this reason, I say: *La* negates the genus, *muslimayn* is its noun, built on the yaa in place of the fathah in the position of the accusative case. Correct?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Okay, if I say: *La sayyarat ajrat huna* (There is no taxi here)?
The student: Non-singular.
The Shaykh : In the accusative case or built?
The student: Accusative.
The Shaykh : In the accusative case. In the accusative case, why?
The student: Attached.
The Shaykh : Because it is a possessive. Like this? Okay, if I say: *La talian jablan huna* (There is no one climbing a mountain here)?
The student: Accusative.
The Shaykh : In the accusative case?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Or *La tali'a jablin*?
The student: *La tali'a jablan*.
The Shaykh : *La tali'a jablan*. And it is not correct to say: *La tali'a jablan*. *La tali'a jablan* is prohibited, because its noun here is similar to a possessive, so it must be in the accusative case. Are we done now? Okay.
The student: Is it similar to a possessive or because it is in the accusative case?
The Shaykh : Ah, the similar to a possessive is what has nothing attached to it from the completion of its meaning, meaning it has no object. So like *La tali'a jablan*, this *tali'a* is restricted by what?
The student: By *jabl* (mountain).
The Shaykh : By *jabl*. So something is attached to it from the completion of its meaning, it has an object.
The student: And without it, the meaning is not complete?
The Shaykh : Yes, the meaning is not complete except with it. *La sakanan fi al-bayt hadiran* (There is no resident in the house present), is it?
The student: Singular.
Another student: A possessive.
The Shaykh : *La sakanan bi al-bayt*?
The student: Similar to a possessive.
The Shaykh : Yes, similar to a possessive. So I say: *La sakanan fi al-bayt*, because I am not saying: *La sakanan fi al-bayt* meaning there is no resident. I am saying: *La sakanan fi al-bayt hadiran*, meaning that whoever resides in the house is not present. So based on this, I say: *La sakanan fi al-bayt* is similar to a possessive. So if I said *La sakanan fi al-bayt hadiran*, we would say this is an error, and the correct is *La sakanan fi al-bayt*, because this is not singular but it is similar to a possessive. Are we done or not? Ah, what Allah willed, now we have understood the noun of *la* completely, as we understood the exception. Do we have anything else to add?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Yes, okay.
The student: Are the similar to a possessive and the possessive with tanween?
The Shaykh : How is it?
The student: I mean the tanween of the possessive?
The Shaykh : Yes, yes. No, the possessive does not have the tanween of the possessive, but the similar to a possessive must have tanween because it is in the accusative case, it is not built.
The student: The Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) said:Sunan Ibn Majah 2340Da'if (Darussalam).
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: What is its ruling?
The Shaykh : And what do you say?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Yes, yes.
The Shaykh : Is it permissible or not permissible?
The student: It is permissible.
The Shaykh : It is permissible.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: ... and no harm.
The Shaykh : Three options are permissible. If you build the first, three options are permissible in it. If you raise the first, two options are permissible in it. So I say, for example: *La darrara wa la darrar* (No harm and no harm) correct?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : *La darrara wa la darrar*. Okay, *wa la darrara wa la darrarun*? *La darrara wa la darraran* correct? Okay, *La darrarun wa la darrarun*.
The student: Correct.
The Shaykh : *La darrara wa la darrar*.
The student: Correct
The Shaykh : *La darrara wa la darraran*.
The student: An error.
The Shaykh : Incorrect. Okay, what Allah willed, you are good.
The student: Shaykh, is it permissible to say *La Rabbun ghayru Allah* or *ghayru Allah*?
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Okay, what...
The Shaykh : No, you do not say it as negating the singular unless you mention what indicates this, like saying: *La rajulun fi al-bayt bal rajulan* (There is no man in the house but two men), in what indicates this.
The student: By conjunction or by the lam?
The Shaykh : By what indicates that the intended meaning is one man.
The student: Is *Ta'abbat sharra* singular or not?
The Shaykh : What, what, what does he say?
The student: *Ta'abbat sharra*.
The Shaykh : *Ta'abbat sharra*, what is in it?
The student: Is it singular or not?
The Shaykh : This is a proper name, and it does not work except with indefinites. Now say *La Ta'abbat sharra hadiran*, and *Ta'abbat sharra* is a subject because it does not work except with indefinites, correct? There is no problem, good.
The student: The last topic we discussed.
The Shaykh : The last topic we discussed is that its noun can be singular and non-singular. If it is non-singular, it is compound with it, built on what it is in the accusative case by, in the position of what? In the position of the accusative case. And if it is non-singular, it is in the accusative case.
The student: No.
The Shaykh : Have we finished or not? It needs to be fixed. Yes, so let your minds be present. The author (may Allah have mercy on him) mentioned three categories. What are they? If it is a direct indefinite that is not repeated, if it is indirect, then raising and repetition are obligatory, and if it is direct with repetition, then what you heard is permissible. In the first case, there are two options, and in the second, there are three options, except if the first is raised, then the accusative in the second is prohibited. The scholars say: The noun of *la* that negates the genus can be compound and can be in the accusative case. This is a continuation of the author’s statement: it can be compound and can be in the accusative case. If it is singular, it is compound, and if it is not singular, it is in the accusative case. If it is singular, it is compound, and if it is not singular, it is in the accusative case. I will repeat it a third time. Is it clear?
The student: It is clear.
The Shaykh : If it is singular, it is compound, and if it is not singular, it is in the accusative case. But what is the singular here? The singular here is what is not a possessive and not similar to a possessive, even if it is a plural. The singular here is what is not a possessive and not similar to a possessive. And the compound... the non-singular is what is a possessive or similar to a possessive. Okay, the compound is built, the singular is built, and the non-singular is in the accusative case. Is it clear, everyone? What is clear?
The student: No, no, it is clear.
The Shaykh : Okay, the noun of *la* can be singular and non-singular. So the singular is compound and the non-singular is in the accusative case. We have now mentioned the two categories and the ruling for each. What are the two categories?
The student: Singular and non-singular.
The Shaykh : Singular and non-singular. The ruling: the singular is built and the non-singular is in the accusative case. We need to know what is singular and what is non-singular? The singular is what is not a possessive and not similar to it. And what is its opposite?
The student: The non-singular.
The Shaykh : The non-singular is what is a possessive or similar to a possessive. Okay, these are three things: the noun of *la* being singular and non-singular, second, the definition of the singular versus the non-singular, third, the ruling for the singular and the non-singular. Correct? Okay, what is the singular?
The student: What is not a possessive and not similar to a possessive.
The Shaykh : What is not a possessive and not similar to it. What is the ruling for the singular?
The student: Built.
The Shaykh : Built. And the non-singular?
The student: Accusative.
The Shaykh : In the accusative case. Okay, wait. If I say: *La rajulan fi al-bayt* (There is no man in the house).
The student: Singular.
The Shaykh : Is it singular?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Because *rajul* is not a possessive and not similar to a possessive. *La rajulayn fi al-bayt* (There are no two men in the house)?
The student: Singular.
The Shaykh : Is it singular? *Rajulayn*, everyone?
The student: Yes, it is singular in this chapter.
The Shaykh : It is not a possessive. Okay, *La muslimayn fi al-balad* (There are no two Muslims in the town).
The student: Singular.
The Shaykh : *La ilaha illa Allah* (There is no god but Allah). May Allah guide you.
The student: Singular, singular.
The Shaykh : Yes, but it is singular because it is not a possessive. Are we done now? Okay, *La ghulaman rajulin hadiran* (There is no boy of a man present)?
The student: Non-singular.
The Shaykh : So what will it be?
The student: Attached.
The Shaykh : In the accusative case. For this reason, we say: *La rajulan fi al-bayt*, *la* negates the genus, and *rajul* is its noun, built on the fathah in the position of the accusative case. *La ghulaman rajulin hadiran*, we say, *la* negates the genus, and *ghulam* is its noun, in the accusative case by it. We do not say it is built; we say it is in the accusative case by it. And what is the sign of its accusative case?
The student: The visible fathah.
The Shaykh : The visible fathah at its end. Is it clear now? Okay, the similar to a possessive is what has nothing attached to it from the completion of its meaning. This similar to a possessive is what has nothing attached to it from the completion of its meaning. Is it clear? Okay, its example: *La zaliman li al-nas muflihun* (No wrongdoer to people will succeed). Look, is *zaliman* a possessive?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : Is it similar to a possessive because something is attached to it, which is *li al-nas* (to people)? So we say: This is similar to a possessive, and we put the noun of *la* in the accusative case, we put it in the accusative case. We say: *La zaliman li al-'ibad muflihun* (No wrongdoer to the servants will succeed), or not?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Okay, we complete a specific discussion with this. So we say: The noun of *la* can be singular and non-singular. The singular is what is not a possessive and not similar to a possessive. The non-singular is what is a possessive or similar to a possessive. The singular is built with *la*, and the non-singular is in the accusative case. Okay, if I say: *La rajulayn huna* (There are no two men here)?
The student: Singular.
The Shaykh : Is it singular? Okay, how do I parse it? I say: *La* negates the genus, *rajulayn* is its noun, built on the yaa in place of the fathah in the position of the accusative case. If I said it is in the accusative case by the yaa, it would be a grammatical error. A grammatical error because the singular is built. So I say it is built on the yaa in place of the fathah in the position of the accusative case. Okay, if I say: *La muslimayn fi hadha al-balad* (There are no two Muslims in this town), pointing to a distant town. Is it singular, and we say *La muslimayn*?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Yes, why?
The student: Because it is not a possessive and not similar to a possessive.
The Shaykh : Because it is not a possessive and not similar to it. For this reason, I say: *La* negates the genus, *muslimayn* is its noun, built on the yaa in place of the fathah in the position of the accusative case. Correct?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Okay, if I say: *La sayyarat ajrat huna* (There is no taxi here)?
The student: Non-singular.
The Shaykh : In the accusative case or built?
The student: Accusative.
The Shaykh : In the accusative case. In the accusative case, why?
The student: Attached.
The Shaykh : Because it is a possessive. Like this? Okay, if I say: *La talian jablan huna* (There is no one climbing a mountain here)?
The student: Accusative.
The Shaykh : In the accusative case?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Or *La tali'a jablin*?
The student: *La tali'a jablan*.
The Shaykh : *La tali'a jablan*. And it is not correct to say: *La tali'a jablan*. *La tali'a jablan* is prohibited, because its noun here is similar to a possessive, so it must be in the accusative case. Are we done now? Okay.
The student: Is it similar to a possessive or because it is in the accusative case?
The Shaykh : Ah, the similar to a possessive is what has nothing attached to it from the completion of its meaning, meaning it has no object. So like *La tali'a jablan*, this *tali'a* is restricted by what?
The student: By *jabl* (mountain).
The Shaykh : By *jabl*. So something is attached to it from the completion of its meaning, it has an object.
The student: And without it, the meaning is not complete?
The Shaykh : Yes, the meaning is not complete except with it. *La sakanan fi al-bayt hadiran* (There is no resident in the house present), is it?
The student: Singular.
Another student: A possessive.
The Shaykh : *La sakanan bi al-bayt*?
The student: Similar to a possessive.
The Shaykh : Yes, similar to a possessive. So I say: *La sakanan fi al-bayt*, because I am not saying: *La sakanan fi al-bayt* meaning there is no resident. I am saying: *La sakanan fi al-bayt hadiran*, meaning that whoever resides in the house is not present. So based on this, I say: *La sakanan fi al-bayt* is similar to a possessive. So if I said *La sakanan fi al-bayt hadiran*, we would say this is an error, and the correct is *La sakanan fi al-bayt*, because this is not singular but it is similar to a possessive. Are we done or not? Ah, what Allah willed, now we have understood the noun of *la* completely, as we understood the exception. Do we have anything else to add?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Yes, okay.
The student: Are the similar to a possessive and the possessive with tanween?
The Shaykh : How is it?
The student: I mean the tanween of the possessive?
The Shaykh : Yes, yes. No, the possessive does not have the tanween of the possessive, but the similar to a possessive must have tanween because it is in the accusative case, it is not built.
The student: The Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
It was narrated from 'Ubadah bin Samit that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) ruled: “There should be neither harming nor reciprocating harm.”
لا ضرر ولا ضرارThe Shaykh : Yes.
The student: What is its ruling?
The Shaykh : And what do you say?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Yes, yes.
The Shaykh : Is it permissible or not permissible?
The student: It is permissible.
The Shaykh : It is permissible.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: ... and no harm.
The Shaykh : Three options are permissible. If you build the first, three options are permissible in it. If you raise the first, two options are permissible in it. So I say, for example: *La darrara wa la darrar* (No harm and no harm) correct?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : *La darrara wa la darrar*. Okay, *wa la darrara wa la darrarun*? *La darrara wa la darraran* correct? Okay, *La darrarun wa la darrarun*.
The student: Correct.
The Shaykh : *La darrara wa la darrar*.
The student: Correct
The Shaykh : *La darrara wa la darraran*.
The student: An error.
The Shaykh : Incorrect. Okay, what Allah willed, you are good.
The student: Shaykh, is it permissible to say *La Rabbun ghayru Allah* or *ghayru Allah*?
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: Okay, what...
The Shaykh : No, you do not say it as negating the singular unless you mention what indicates this, like saying: *La rajulun fi al-bayt bal rajulan* (There is no man in the house but two men), in what indicates this.
The student: By conjunction or by the lam?
The Shaykh : By what indicates that the intended meaning is one man.
The student: Is *Ta'abbat sharra* singular or not?
The Shaykh : What, what, what does he say?
The student: *Ta'abbat sharra*.
The Shaykh : *Ta'abbat sharra*, what is in it?
The student: Is it singular or not?
The Shaykh : This is a proper name, and it does not work except with indefinites. Now say *La Ta'abbat sharra hadiran*, and *Ta'abbat sharra* is a subject because it does not work except with indefinites, correct? There is no problem, good.
The student: The last topic we discussed.
The Shaykh : The last topic we discussed is that its noun can be singular and non-singular. If it is non-singular, it is compound with it, built on what it is in the accusative case by, in the position of what? In the position of the accusative case. And if it is non-singular, it is in the accusative case.