Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "And the imperative and past verbs are built *** And they are inflected as present tense if they are bare."
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The Shaykh : Then he said: "And the imperative and past verbs are built" The imperative verb is built and the past verb is built. Pay attention. "Built" here, the alif is for the dual, or is it for the general? It is for the dual because it refers to two things. So the imperative verb is built; this is the correct view. It was said: it is inflected. The correct view is that it is built, but on what is it built? It is built on what its present tense counterpart is jussive (subjunctive) with. It is built on what the present tense is jussive with. So if its present tense counterpart is jussive with sukun (stillness), it is built on sukun. And if its present tense counterpart is built on deletion, whether deletion of the weak letter or deletion of the nun, then it is likewise built on deletion of the weak letter or the nun.
And for this reason they say: If you want to form the imperative verb, take a present tense verb in the jussive case, then remove from it the present tense letter and the jussive letter. Do you understand the rule? It is known. What is it? If you want to form the imperative, take a present tense verb in the jussive case and remove from it the jussive letter and the present tense letter. For example, if you want to bring an imperative from "nam" (to sleep), what do you say?
The student: "Nam" (Sleep).
The Shaykh : We apply the rule. "Lam yam" (He did not sleep). Remove "lam" and the yaa. "Nam." "Nam." Good. If you want to bring an imperative from "khafa" (to fear), take the present tense verb in the jussive case. You say "Lam yakhf" (He did not fear). Remove the yaa and "lam." "Khaf." This is why some students, if I say "form an imperative from 'khafa'," say: "Khif." Is this correct or not correct? Not correct. "Khuf" is not correct. Because the imperative is built on what the present tense is jussive with. This means that we take a present tense verb in the jussive case, yes, and we mark it. Do you know the marking? The marking is at the end of the additions.
The student: Oh Shaykh, "Lam ya'mal" ... present tense.
The Shaykh : Good, a moment, a moment. Do you understand now? Good. The brother made an important point that indicates he fully grasped the rule. "Amal" (to work). Form an imperative from it. "I'mal." "I'mal." Good. Take the present tense verb in the jussive case. "Lam ya'mal" (He did not work). We have an addition, which is the hamza. This hamza is a necessity because look, in "ya'mal," the 'ayn is still and what comes after it is open, right? And what comes after it.
The student: Still, open.
The Shaykh : Open, still, raised ... this is a new language. Good. "Lam ya'mal." "Ya'mal." This yaa is open, the 'ayn is still, the mim is open, the lam is still. Good. Remove the jussive letter and the present tense letter. Which is the present tense letter? The yaa. We removed the yaa. And "lam" will be met by a still letter, which is the 'ayn. A still letter cannot be pronounced except with a hamzat al-wasl (connecting hamza). It cannot be pronounced except with a hamzat al-wasl. So how do we say it? "I'mal." "I'mal." Good. Form an imperative from "dhaba" (to strike). Apply the rule. "Lam yadhab" (He did not strike). We removed "lam" and the yaa. Here the dhad comes to us as still. It cannot be pronounced except with a hamzat al-wasl, so we say: "Idhab." Good. From "da'a" (to call). Here.
The student: "Lam yad'" (he did not call).
The Shaykh : "Lam yad'" (He did not call). Remove "lam" and the present tense letter. "Id'" (Call). Why did we take this hamza? Out of necessity. Out of the necessity of pronunciation, because a still letter can never be pronounced except with a hamzat al-wasl. From "waqa" (to protect).
The student: "Lam yaq" (He did not protect).
The Shaykh : Good. "Q" (Protect). How did we know "Q"? We make it jussive. We answer with a present tense verb in the jussive case. We say "Lam yaqi" (He did not protect). Yes. Remove the yaa of "lam." You say: "Q." From "qa'a" (to vomit). From "qa'a." We apply it. "Lam yaqi'" (He did not vomit). Correct. The imperative is "Qi'" (Vomit). "Qi'." Good. From "wa'a" (to know).
The student: "I" (Know).
The Shaykh : "I" (Know). But how did we know "I"? Because its original form is "Lam ya'i" (He did not know). We removed the yaa and "lam," so it became "I." And "fa" (to fulfill).
The student: "Fi" (Fulfill).
The Shaykh : "Lam yafi" (He did not fulfill). Then remove the yaa and what is before it. You say: "Fi" (Fulfill). Complete. And with this we say: The imperative verb is built on what the present tense is jussive with. It is built on what the present tense is jussive with. Good.
The past tense. The author says: "And the imperative and past verbs are built" On what is it built? It is built on fathah (opening), on sukun (stillness), and on damm (closing). It is built on fathah, sukun, and damm. It is built on damm if the waw of the group is attached to it. Put it in your notes. It is built on damm if the waw of the group is attached to it. For example: "Dharaboo" (They struck), "Akloo" (They ate), "Fahamoo" (They understood), "La'boo" (They played), "Namo" (They slept). Ah, and so on.
The student: "Sallaw" (They prayed).
The Shaykh : No, no.
The student: Imperative verb.
The Shaykh : You do not bring it. Good. It is built if the waw of the group is attached to it. And it is built on sukun if the taa of the actor or "na" of the actor is attached to it. "Dharabtu" (I struck) and "Dharabna" (We struck). "Dharabtu" and "Dharabna." It is built on what? On sukun. And if you wish, say: if a moving nominative pronoun is attached to it. If a moving nominative pronoun is attached to it. And it is built on fathah in all other cases. So the most common is that it is built on fathah, or is it on damm?
And for this reason they say: If you want to form the imperative verb, take a present tense verb in the jussive case, then remove from it the present tense letter and the jussive letter. Do you understand the rule? It is known. What is it? If you want to form the imperative, take a present tense verb in the jussive case and remove from it the jussive letter and the present tense letter. For example, if you want to bring an imperative from "nam" (to sleep), what do you say?
The student: "Nam" (Sleep).
The Shaykh : We apply the rule. "Lam yam" (He did not sleep). Remove "lam" and the yaa. "Nam." "Nam." Good. If you want to bring an imperative from "khafa" (to fear), take the present tense verb in the jussive case. You say "Lam yakhf" (He did not fear). Remove the yaa and "lam." "Khaf." This is why some students, if I say "form an imperative from 'khafa'," say: "Khif." Is this correct or not correct? Not correct. "Khuf" is not correct. Because the imperative is built on what the present tense is jussive with. This means that we take a present tense verb in the jussive case, yes, and we mark it. Do you know the marking? The marking is at the end of the additions.
The student: Oh Shaykh, "Lam ya'mal" ... present tense.
The Shaykh : Good, a moment, a moment. Do you understand now? Good. The brother made an important point that indicates he fully grasped the rule. "Amal" (to work). Form an imperative from it. "I'mal." "I'mal." Good. Take the present tense verb in the jussive case. "Lam ya'mal" (He did not work). We have an addition, which is the hamza. This hamza is a necessity because look, in "ya'mal," the 'ayn is still and what comes after it is open, right? And what comes after it.
The student: Still, open.
The Shaykh : Open, still, raised ... this is a new language. Good. "Lam ya'mal." "Ya'mal." This yaa is open, the 'ayn is still, the mim is open, the lam is still. Good. Remove the jussive letter and the present tense letter. Which is the present tense letter? The yaa. We removed the yaa. And "lam" will be met by a still letter, which is the 'ayn. A still letter cannot be pronounced except with a hamzat al-wasl (connecting hamza). It cannot be pronounced except with a hamzat al-wasl. So how do we say it? "I'mal." "I'mal." Good. Form an imperative from "dhaba" (to strike). Apply the rule. "Lam yadhab" (He did not strike). We removed "lam" and the yaa. Here the dhad comes to us as still. It cannot be pronounced except with a hamzat al-wasl, so we say: "Idhab." Good. From "da'a" (to call). Here.
The student: "Lam yad'" (he did not call).
The Shaykh : "Lam yad'" (He did not call). Remove "lam" and the present tense letter. "Id'" (Call). Why did we take this hamza? Out of necessity. Out of the necessity of pronunciation, because a still letter can never be pronounced except with a hamzat al-wasl. From "waqa" (to protect).
The student: "Lam yaq" (He did not protect).
The Shaykh : Good. "Q" (Protect). How did we know "Q"? We make it jussive. We answer with a present tense verb in the jussive case. We say "Lam yaqi" (He did not protect). Yes. Remove the yaa of "lam." You say: "Q." From "qa'a" (to vomit). From "qa'a." We apply it. "Lam yaqi'" (He did not vomit). Correct. The imperative is "Qi'" (Vomit). "Qi'." Good. From "wa'a" (to know).
The student: "I" (Know).
The Shaykh : "I" (Know). But how did we know "I"? Because its original form is "Lam ya'i" (He did not know). We removed the yaa and "lam," so it became "I." And "fa" (to fulfill).
The student: "Fi" (Fulfill).
The Shaykh : "Lam yafi" (He did not fulfill). Then remove the yaa and what is before it. You say: "Fi" (Fulfill). Complete. And with this we say: The imperative verb is built on what the present tense is jussive with. It is built on what the present tense is jussive with. Good.
The past tense. The author says: "And the imperative and past verbs are built" On what is it built? It is built on fathah (opening), on sukun (stillness), and on damm (closing). It is built on fathah, sukun, and damm. It is built on damm if the waw of the group is attached to it. Put it in your notes. It is built on damm if the waw of the group is attached to it. For example: "Dharaboo" (They struck), "Akloo" (They ate), "Fahamoo" (They understood), "La'boo" (They played), "Namo" (They slept). Ah, and so on.
The student: "Sallaw" (They prayed).
The Shaykh : No, no.
The student: Imperative verb.
The Shaykh : You do not bring it. Good. It is built if the waw of the group is attached to it. And it is built on sukun if the taa of the actor or "na" of the actor is attached to it. "Dharabtu" (I struck) and "Dharabna" (We struck). "Dharabtu" and "Dharabna." It is built on what? On sukun. And if you wish, say: if a moving nominative pronoun is attached to it. If a moving nominative pronoun is attached to it. And it is built on fathah in all other cases. So the most common is that it is built on fathah, or is it on damm?