Continuation of the explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "And the verb of command and the past tense are built *** And they inflect the present tense if it is bare."
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The Shaykh : On what is it built? It is built on the fathah, the sukun, and the dammah. It is built on the fathah, the sukun, and the dammah. It is built on the dammah when the waw of the group is attached to it. "Hatta bi al-kum" (they lowered with the you). It is built on the dammah when the waw of the group is attached to it, such as: "Dharabū" (they hit), "Akhlū" (they ate), "Fahimū" (they understood), "La'abū" (they played), "Nāmū" (they slept). Ah, and so on.
The student: "Ṣallū" (Pray).
The Shaykh : No, no.
The student: A verb of command.
The Shaykh : What do you say? It is built on the dammah when the waw of the group is attached to it, and it is built on the sukun when the taa of the doer or "na" of the doer is attached to it. "Dharabtu" (I hit) and "Dharabnā" (we hit). "Dharabtu" and "Dharabnā." It is built on what? On the sukun. And if you wish, say: when a moving subject pronoun is attached to it. When a moving subject pronoun is attached to it, it is built on the sukun. And it is built on the fathah in all other cases.
So, is its most common building on the fathah, or on the dammah, or on the sukun? On the fathah. Because its building on the dammah or the sukun is limited and countable, while its building on the fathah is limited. Its building on the dammah and the sukun is countable, meaning it is restricted. And its building on the fathah is limited. You say: "What is other than that?" Let us look now. "Dharabta" (you hit), correct.
The student: No.
The Shaykh : "Dharabta" is built on the fathah, but is it correct or incorrect?
The student: Correct.
The Shaykh : Because this taa is not the taa of the doer; it is not a moving subject pronoun. Okay. "Dharaba" (he hit). "Dharaba."
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : It is built on the fathah. Is it correct or incorrect?
The student: Correct.
The Shaykh : It has a subject pronoun, but it is static. And we said a moving subject pronoun. Okay. "Dharabnā" (we hit) is correct on the sukun, because a moving subject pronoun is attached to it. Meaning, "Dharabnā" has a fathah on the letter following the verb. They said.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Why? Because the waw of the group is attached to it. "Ṣallū" (Pray). "Ṣallū."
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Is the waw of the group attached to the verb now? No, no. There is deletion. The alif is deleted, and the fathah before it is evidence of it. And if we said "Ṣallū" (with shaddah), the meaning would be corrupted. It would turn into a verb of command. It would turn into a verb of command.
So, the past tense is built on three, three ways: on the sukun, on the dammah, ah, and on the fathah. When is it built on the sukun? When a moving subject pronoun is attached to it. And on the dammah when the waw of the group is attached to it. And in all other cases, it is built on the fathah. Okay.
The student: "Ṣallū" (Pray).
The Shaykh : No, no.
The student: A verb of command.
The Shaykh : What do you say? It is built on the dammah when the waw of the group is attached to it, and it is built on the sukun when the taa of the doer or "na" of the doer is attached to it. "Dharabtu" (I hit) and "Dharabnā" (we hit). "Dharabtu" and "Dharabnā." It is built on what? On the sukun. And if you wish, say: when a moving subject pronoun is attached to it. When a moving subject pronoun is attached to it, it is built on the sukun. And it is built on the fathah in all other cases.
So, is its most common building on the fathah, or on the dammah, or on the sukun? On the fathah. Because its building on the dammah or the sukun is limited and countable, while its building on the fathah is limited. Its building on the dammah and the sukun is countable, meaning it is restricted. And its building on the fathah is limited. You say: "What is other than that?" Let us look now. "Dharabta" (you hit), correct.
The student: No.
The Shaykh : "Dharabta" is built on the fathah, but is it correct or incorrect?
The student: Correct.
The Shaykh : Because this taa is not the taa of the doer; it is not a moving subject pronoun. Okay. "Dharaba" (he hit). "Dharaba."
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : It is built on the fathah. Is it correct or incorrect?
The student: Correct.
The Shaykh : It has a subject pronoun, but it is static. And we said a moving subject pronoun. Okay. "Dharabnā" (we hit) is correct on the sukun, because a moving subject pronoun is attached to it. Meaning, "Dharabnā" has a fathah on the letter following the verb. They said.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Why? Because the waw of the group is attached to it. "Ṣallū" (Pray). "Ṣallū."
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Is the waw of the group attached to the verb now? No, no. There is deletion. The alif is deleted, and the fathah before it is evidence of it. And if we said "Ṣallū" (with shaddah), the meaning would be corrupted. It would turn into a verb of command. It would turn into a verb of command.
So, the past tense is built on three, three ways: on the sukun, on the dammah, ah, and on the fathah. When is it built on the sukun? When a moving subject pronoun is attached to it. And on the dammah when the waw of the group is attached to it. And in all other cases, it is built on the fathah. Okay.