The Ruling on Fasting on Behalf of the Deceased
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Question:
She says in her final question: So, is it permissible to pray and fast on behalf of the deceased?
Answer:
He should be fasted for if he had a debt, if he had Ramadan or vows that he had to fast for, or expiations. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:Sahih Muslim 1147 Meaning: his close relative, meaning: obligatory fasting like Ramadan. He was ill and did not fast, then Allah healed him and he was lax and did not fast... he died; he should be fasted for. Or the menstruating woman likewise, she broke her fast in Ramadan, or the woman with post-natal bleeding, then Ramadan appeared, and she was lax, then she died before making it up; it should be made up for her. And so with the expiation for zihar... the expiation for intercourse in Ramadan... the expiation for killing... If he died and he had fasting upon him, his guardian should fast for him. This is what is prescribed.
As for Ramadan itself, if he was excused, then no. For example: he broke his fast in Ramadan because he was ill, but he died in his illness; nothing is made up for him; because he was excused, he died in his illness. And voluntary fasting, no one fasts voluntarily for another, no one fasts voluntarily for him. He is only fasted for if he had an obligation upon him, he had to make it up, but he did not make it up, he was lax; it is recommended for his awliya (close friends of Allah) from the heirs to make it up for him. Even if a group share it from Ramadan, each one fasts some of the days.
As for the expiation, no. One person must fast it; because it is consecutive. He fasts the expiation for killing for two consecutive months, or the expiation for intercourse in Ramadan for two consecutive months for one who is unable to free a slave, or the expiation for killing for one who is unable to free a slave for two months. This is fasted by one person; because it is consecutive. It is recommended for his relatives that one of them fasts this consecutive expiation. Yes.
The presenter: May Allah reward you with good.
She says in her final question: So, is it permissible to pray and fast on behalf of the deceased?
Answer:
He should be fasted for if he had a debt, if he had Ramadan or vows that he had to fast for, or expiations. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: If anyone dies in a state (that he had to complete) some fasts, his heir must fast on his behalf.
من مات وعليه صيام؛ صام عنه وليهAs for Ramadan itself, if he was excused, then no. For example: he broke his fast in Ramadan because he was ill, but he died in his illness; nothing is made up for him; because he was excused, he died in his illness. And voluntary fasting, no one fasts voluntarily for another, no one fasts voluntarily for him. He is only fasted for if he had an obligation upon him, he had to make it up, but he did not make it up, he was lax; it is recommended for his awliya (close friends of Allah) from the heirs to make it up for him. Even if a group share it from Ramadan, each one fasts some of the days.
As for the expiation, no. One person must fast it; because it is consecutive. He fasts the expiation for killing for two consecutive months, or the expiation for intercourse in Ramadan for two consecutive months for one who is unable to free a slave, or the expiation for killing for one who is unable to free a slave for two months. This is fasted by one person; because it is consecutive. It is recommended for his relatives that one of them fasts this consecutive expiation. Yes.
The presenter: May Allah reward you with good.
Source
binbaz.org.sa
The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.