Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "Except the four-letter word, and what is above it, the proper noun *** without addition and a complete predication is complete."
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The Shaykh :"Except the four-letter word, and what is above it"
So what is above this is a completion of the four-letter word.
"Except the four-letter word, and what is above it, the proper noun *** without addition and a complete predication is complete"
So the vocative that is free from the feminine marker is not shortened except under conditions. The first condition: that it be four-lettered, four-lettered. If it is three-lettered.
The student: It is not shortened.
The Shaykh : It is not shortened. For example, Zayd, Zayd is not shortened. The reason?
The student: It is three-lettered.
The Shaykh : Because it is three-lettered. What do you say, "O Zay"? Okay, 'Amr?
The student: Likewise.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: Waw.
The Shaykh : This waw has no role. So what do you say, "O 'Am"? And 'Umar?
The student: Likewise.
The Shaykh : You do not say "O 'Umar" because it is not four-lettered. The second: the proper noun. It must be a proper noun. If it is not a proper noun?
The student: It is not permissible to use a diminutive form.
The Shaykh : It is not shortened, it is not shortened. If I said, for example: "Qayyim" (standing), how many letters is "Qayyim"?
The student: Four.
The Shaykh : Four. Do not shorten it, do not say "O Qay" because it is not a proper noun. Okay, Ja'far?
The student: Knowledge.
The Shaykh : A proper noun?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Shorten it. You say?
The student: O Ja'f.
The Shaykh : Okay, Jalamd?
The student: It is named with it.
The Shaykh : We did not name it, we did not name it.
The student: It is not a proper noun.
The Shaykh : We do not say "O Jalam," yes. Zayn, Nahar?
The student: It is not a proper noun.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: Nahar is a proper noun.
The Shaykh : Strange. Okay, if it is a proper noun, it is permissible, so we say for Nahar, "O Nah." If it is not a proper noun?
The student: It is not shortened.
The Shaykh : Okay, it is not shortened. Do you say "Shams" (sun) for a woman?
The student: It is not shortened.
The Shaykh : Why?
The student: It is three-lettered.
The Shaykh : Because it is three-lettered. Okay, the third: without addition, without addition. If it is with addition, it is not shortened. For example: 'Abd Allah is not shortened. What do you say, "O 'Abd"? Because of the presence of the addition, and addition is the relation of one thing to another. So now, if you say "O 'Abd," if you delete the thing to which it is added, it does not become clear to us that it is added to something. And if you delete part of the thing to which it is added, is it correct or not?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : If we said, for example, "Ghulam Ja'far" (Ja'far's boy), "Ghulam Ja'far," we want to call him and shorten it, we say: "O Ghulam" and we delete Ja'far. Is that acceptable?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : It is not acceptable. Okay, if we said "O Ghulam Ja'"?
The student: It is not suitable.
The Shaykh : Is that acceptable?
The student: It is not suitable.
The Shaykh : "O Ghulam Ja'f"?
The student: It is not suitable.
The Shaykh : It is not acceptable. So we must say "O Ghulam Ja'far," "O Ghulam Ja'far." Okay: "and a complete predication"
And a complete predication means his intention is the compound by predication, the compound by predication. And some of you know now that it is a compound by predication or not?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : For example?
The student: Ta'abbat Sharra.
The Shaykh : Ta'abbat Sharra, and Shabba Qarnaha, Shabba Qarnaha is the name of a man, or not?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Yes, indeed.
The student: Qali Qala.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: Qali Qala.
The Shaykh : Qali Qala?
The student: Yes, indeed.
The Shaykh : Okay, this is not shortened. If we wanted to shorten Ta'abbat Sharra and said: "O Ta'abbat," here?
The student: It is not suitable.
The Shaykh : It is not acceptable, it is not acceptable. What is left with us? The blended compound, the blended compound. For example?
The student: Hadramawt, Baalbek.
The Shaykh : Ma'd Karb, a proper noun. Ma'd Karb and Hadramawt are proper nouns for a specific country. For example, if you call Ma'd Karb, is it permissible to shorten it or not?
The student: It is not permissible.
The Shaykh : It is permissible, it is permissible. Because the author did not prohibit except two types of compounds, and they are?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: The addition.
The Shaykh : The additive compound, and the predicative compound. As for the blended compound, it is permissible, so you say: "O Ma'd," "O Ma'd," and you delete its end. And I have the opinion that we should say that even in the compound by predication, it should be permissible. Because does the compound by predication indicate two things?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : It does not indicate two things. The named one is one, unlike the compound by addition, which is composed of an added and an added-to. The blended compound also does not indicate two things. The blended compound does not indicate two things because Ma'd Karb?
The student: One.
The Shaykh : One. It is not Ma'd added and Karb added-to... the indication of plurality. For this reason, we say: if the blended compound is permissible, then the predicative compound should be permissible.
The student: In Ma'd Karb, if you delete Karb, you did not delete the last letter...?
The Shaykh : It will come to us, it will come to us, if Allah wills, the compound... the last part.
The student: All addition?
The Shaykh : All addition, yes.
The student: ... the alif that was converted from a yaa.
The Shaykh : Which one?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Converted? It is not converted. The yaa was deleted.
The student: Why is it not with an alif?
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: Why is it not with an alif in the original.
The Shaykh : Why is it not?
The student: With an alif... without the alif.
The Shaykh : I mean, your intention is that we... no, we say if its original is.
So what is above this is a completion of the four-letter word.
"Except the four-letter word, and what is above it, the proper noun *** without addition and a complete predication is complete"
So the vocative that is free from the feminine marker is not shortened except under conditions. The first condition: that it be four-lettered, four-lettered. If it is three-lettered.
The student: It is not shortened.
The Shaykh : It is not shortened. For example, Zayd, Zayd is not shortened. The reason?
The student: It is three-lettered.
The Shaykh : Because it is three-lettered. What do you say, "O Zay"? Okay, 'Amr?
The student: Likewise.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: Waw.
The Shaykh : This waw has no role. So what do you say, "O 'Am"? And 'Umar?
The student: Likewise.
The Shaykh : You do not say "O 'Umar" because it is not four-lettered. The second: the proper noun. It must be a proper noun. If it is not a proper noun?
The student: It is not permissible to use a diminutive form.
The Shaykh : It is not shortened, it is not shortened. If I said, for example: "Qayyim" (standing), how many letters is "Qayyim"?
The student: Four.
The Shaykh : Four. Do not shorten it, do not say "O Qay" because it is not a proper noun. Okay, Ja'far?
The student: Knowledge.
The Shaykh : A proper noun?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Shorten it. You say?
The student: O Ja'f.
The Shaykh : Okay, Jalamd?
The student: It is named with it.
The Shaykh : We did not name it, we did not name it.
The student: It is not a proper noun.
The Shaykh : We do not say "O Jalam," yes. Zayn, Nahar?
The student: It is not a proper noun.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: Nahar is a proper noun.
The Shaykh : Strange. Okay, if it is a proper noun, it is permissible, so we say for Nahar, "O Nah." If it is not a proper noun?
The student: It is not shortened.
The Shaykh : Okay, it is not shortened. Do you say "Shams" (sun) for a woman?
The student: It is not shortened.
The Shaykh : Why?
The student: It is three-lettered.
The Shaykh : Because it is three-lettered. Okay, the third: without addition, without addition. If it is with addition, it is not shortened. For example: 'Abd Allah is not shortened. What do you say, "O 'Abd"? Because of the presence of the addition, and addition is the relation of one thing to another. So now, if you say "O 'Abd," if you delete the thing to which it is added, it does not become clear to us that it is added to something. And if you delete part of the thing to which it is added, is it correct or not?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : If we said, for example, "Ghulam Ja'far" (Ja'far's boy), "Ghulam Ja'far," we want to call him and shorten it, we say: "O Ghulam" and we delete Ja'far. Is that acceptable?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : It is not acceptable. Okay, if we said "O Ghulam Ja'"?
The student: It is not suitable.
The Shaykh : Is that acceptable?
The student: It is not suitable.
The Shaykh : "O Ghulam Ja'f"?
The student: It is not suitable.
The Shaykh : It is not acceptable. So we must say "O Ghulam Ja'far," "O Ghulam Ja'far." Okay: "and a complete predication"
And a complete predication means his intention is the compound by predication, the compound by predication. And some of you know now that it is a compound by predication or not?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : For example?
The student: Ta'abbat Sharra.
The Shaykh : Ta'abbat Sharra, and Shabba Qarnaha, Shabba Qarnaha is the name of a man, or not?
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Yes, indeed.
The student: Qali Qala.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: Qali Qala.
The Shaykh : Qali Qala?
The student: Yes, indeed.
The Shaykh : Okay, this is not shortened. If we wanted to shorten Ta'abbat Sharra and said: "O Ta'abbat," here?
The student: It is not suitable.
The Shaykh : It is not acceptable, it is not acceptable. What is left with us? The blended compound, the blended compound. For example?
The student: Hadramawt, Baalbek.
The Shaykh : Ma'd Karb, a proper noun. Ma'd Karb and Hadramawt are proper nouns for a specific country. For example, if you call Ma'd Karb, is it permissible to shorten it or not?
The student: It is not permissible.
The Shaykh : It is permissible, it is permissible. Because the author did not prohibit except two types of compounds, and they are?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: The addition.
The Shaykh : The additive compound, and the predicative compound. As for the blended compound, it is permissible, so you say: "O Ma'd," "O Ma'd," and you delete its end. And I have the opinion that we should say that even in the compound by predication, it should be permissible. Because does the compound by predication indicate two things?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : It does not indicate two things. The named one is one, unlike the compound by addition, which is composed of an added and an added-to. The blended compound also does not indicate two things. The blended compound does not indicate two things because Ma'd Karb?
The student: One.
The Shaykh : One. It is not Ma'd added and Karb added-to... the indication of plurality. For this reason, we say: if the blended compound is permissible, then the predicative compound should be permissible.
The student: In Ma'd Karb, if you delete Karb, you did not delete the last letter...?
The Shaykh : It will come to us, it will come to us, if Allah wills, the compound... the last part.
The student: All addition?
The Shaykh : All addition, yes.
The student: ... the alif that was converted from a yaa.
The Shaykh : Which one?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Converted? It is not converted. The yaa was deleted.
The student: Why is it not with an alif?
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: Why is it not with an alif in the original.
The Shaykh : Why is it not?
The student: With an alif... without the alif.
The Shaykh : I mean, your intention is that we... no, we say if its original is.