Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "And for necessity, they shortened without vocative *** For vocative, the form 'Ahmada' is not suitable."
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh : Then he said:
"And for necessity, they shortened without vocative *** For vocative, the form 'Ahmada' is not suitable"
The subject of "they shortened" refers to? The Arabs, because the grammarians cannot change the language. He says: The Arabs shortened for necessity without a vocative, but the condition is that this shortened form must be suitable for a vocative, suitable for a vocative. What is an example?
The student: Ahmad.
The Shaykh : Ahmad, suppose that Ahmad appeared in the context of a verse of poetry. If we left it as it is, the meter of the verse would be disrupted, so we delete its end. We say: Ahma or Ahmu, meaning according to the grammatical case, according to the grammatical case, because there is no vocative in your verse, right?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : And he?
The student: He said: "What a fine young man".
The Shaykh :"What a fine young man".
The student: "What a fine young man, he stumbles toward the light of his fire *** Tariq ibn Mal, on the night of hunger and emaciation"
The Shaykh : Tariq.
The student: Tariq, Tariqa.
The Shaykh : Or Tariqu?
The student: Tariqu ibn Mal.
The Shaykh : Yes, Tariqu ibn Mal.
The student: "On the night of hunger and emaciation"
The Shaykh : Its original form is ibn Malik.
"What a fine young man, he stumbles toward the light of his fire *** Tariq"
This is the one specifically praised. "The young man" is the subject, and "Tariq" is a delayed subject (mubtada' mu'akhkhar) which is the one specifically praised. "Ibn Mal" is its original form?
The student: Ibn Malik.
The Shaykh : Ibn Malik, so he shortened it without a vocative, but for necessity.
"Tariqu ibn Mali, on the night of hunger and emaciation"
The student: Is it with a tanwin, Shaykh?
The Shaykh : Al-khasri or al-khasar?
The student: Al-khasar is with a kasrah, Shaykh.
The Shaykh : Which one?
The student: Is the shortened word with a tanwin?
The Shaykh : Which one?
The student: Mali?
The Shaykh : Yes, it is with a tanwin according to the dialect of those who do not expect [a following word], as if this is its end. I do not know what al-khasar is.
The student: Intense cold.
The Shaykh : Intense cold?
The student: Yes, indeed.
Another student : ...
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: The common people, when strong cold comes, they say: al-khasar.
The Shaykh : Al-khasar?
The student: Yes, indeed.
The Shaykh : No, we do not know this.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : No, this might be in the Hijaz. Well, the important thing now is that this is the end of the chapter on shortening (tarhim). So, shortening was originally specific to vocatives, but it may be shortened in other than vocatives for necessity only.
The student: Necessity of poetry, Shaykh?
The Shaykh : Yes, whenever the grammarians say necessity, it is poetry, because in prose, one can get rid of it.
The student: Now we have the review.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: I forgot the review.
The Shaykh : Yes, by Allah, we forgot it. No, we did not forget it, look, the chapter before it is a review. No, no, the one before it is a review.
The student: No, it is not a review.
The Shaykh : Correct?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Noooo.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Strange!
The student: ...
Another student: We take these chapters, we take the lesson and read it completely.
The Shaykh : Yes, the important thing now is the review, but only in shortening?
The student: And the one before it.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: Lamentation (nadbah) is a bit long.
Another student: Lamentation and shortening.
The Shaykh : Lamentation and shortening, okay.
The student: Lamentation and shortening?
The Shaykh : Yes, indeed.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : They have a test, correct, it does not contradict ...
"And for necessity, they shortened without vocative *** For vocative, the form 'Ahmada' is not suitable"
The subject of "they shortened" refers to? The Arabs, because the grammarians cannot change the language. He says: The Arabs shortened for necessity without a vocative, but the condition is that this shortened form must be suitable for a vocative, suitable for a vocative. What is an example?
The student: Ahmad.
The Shaykh : Ahmad, suppose that Ahmad appeared in the context of a verse of poetry. If we left it as it is, the meter of the verse would be disrupted, so we delete its end. We say: Ahma or Ahmu, meaning according to the grammatical case, according to the grammatical case, because there is no vocative in your verse, right?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : And he?
The student: He said: "What a fine young man".
The Shaykh :"What a fine young man".
The student: "What a fine young man, he stumbles toward the light of his fire *** Tariq ibn Mal, on the night of hunger and emaciation"
The Shaykh : Tariq.
The student: Tariq, Tariqa.
The Shaykh : Or Tariqu?
The student: Tariqu ibn Mal.
The Shaykh : Yes, Tariqu ibn Mal.
The student: "On the night of hunger and emaciation"
The Shaykh : Its original form is ibn Malik.
"What a fine young man, he stumbles toward the light of his fire *** Tariq"
This is the one specifically praised. "The young man" is the subject, and "Tariq" is a delayed subject (mubtada' mu'akhkhar) which is the one specifically praised. "Ibn Mal" is its original form?
The student: Ibn Malik.
The Shaykh : Ibn Malik, so he shortened it without a vocative, but for necessity.
"Tariqu ibn Mali, on the night of hunger and emaciation"
The student: Is it with a tanwin, Shaykh?
The Shaykh : Al-khasri or al-khasar?
The student: Al-khasar is with a kasrah, Shaykh.
The Shaykh : Which one?
The student: Is the shortened word with a tanwin?
The Shaykh : Which one?
The student: Mali?
The Shaykh : Yes, it is with a tanwin according to the dialect of those who do not expect [a following word], as if this is its end. I do not know what al-khasar is.
The student: Intense cold.
The Shaykh : Intense cold?
The student: Yes, indeed.
Another student : ...
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: The common people, when strong cold comes, they say: al-khasar.
The Shaykh : Al-khasar?
The student: Yes, indeed.
The Shaykh : No, we do not know this.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : No, this might be in the Hijaz. Well, the important thing now is that this is the end of the chapter on shortening (tarhim). So, shortening was originally specific to vocatives, but it may be shortened in other than vocatives for necessity only.
The student: Necessity of poetry, Shaykh?
The Shaykh : Yes, whenever the grammarians say necessity, it is poetry, because in prose, one can get rid of it.
The student: Now we have the review.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: I forgot the review.
The Shaykh : Yes, by Allah, we forgot it. No, we did not forget it, look, the chapter before it is a review. No, no, the one before it is a review.
The student: No, it is not a review.
The Shaykh : Correct?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Noooo.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Strange!
The student: ...
Another student: We take these chapters, we take the lesson and read it completely.
The Shaykh : Yes, the important thing now is the review, but only in shortening?
The student: And the one before it.
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: Lamentation (nadbah) is a bit long.
Another student: Lamentation and shortening.
The Shaykh : Lamentation and shortening, okay.
The student: Lamentation and shortening?
The Shaykh : Yes, indeed.
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : They have a test, correct, it does not contradict ...