Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "And what stands in place of a verb *** for it, and delay what has a verb in it."
Machine translationRead the Arabic original
The Shaykh : Then he said: "And what stands in place of a verb *** for it"
He means: that the name of a verb performs the function of the verb for which it is a name. If it is intransitive, it is intransitive; and if it is transitive, it is transitive. For example, if I say: Is "Sih" (be quiet) intransitive or transitive?
The student: Intransitive.
The Shaykh : Huh? "Sih" means "be quiet," so it is intransitive and does not take an object. And if I say "Dunaka al-kitab" (Here is the book for you)?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: Transitive.
The Shaykh : It is transitive because it means "take," so it governs two objects. But the author says:
"And delay what has a verb in it"
The student: *Alladhi* (which/who).
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: *Alladhi* (which/who).
The Shaykh :"And delay what has a verb in it", referring to what? The names of verbs, meaning that among the names of verbs, there are those that have a verb function, meaning that their object does not precede them. For example, with "Dunaka Zayd" (Here is Zayd for you), you cannot say "Zayd dunaka," right? Now, if someone says: The word of Allah the Exalted is a counter-argument to you:[An-Nisa 4:24] because "Kitab" (Book) is placed before "Alaykum" (upon you), and "Alaykum" is a name of a verb meaning "adhere to." Those who deny this responded by saying that "Kitab" is the object of a deleted verb indicated by "Alaykum," and that the intended meaning is: "Adhere to the Book of Allah," and the second "Alaykum" is for emphasis. Now,
"And delay what has a verb in it"
He means: that the name of a verb performs the function of the verb for which it is a name. If it is intransitive, it is intransitive; and if it is transitive, it is transitive. For example, if I say: Is "Sih" (be quiet) intransitive or transitive?
The student: Intransitive.
The Shaykh : Huh? "Sih" means "be quiet," so it is intransitive and does not take an object. And if I say "Dunaka al-kitab" (Here is the book for you)?
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: Transitive.
The Shaykh : It is transitive because it means "take," so it governs two objects. But the author says:
"And delay what has a verb in it"
The student: *Alladhi* (which/who).
The Shaykh : Huh?
The student: *Alladhi* (which/who).
The Shaykh :"And delay what has a verb in it", referring to what? The names of verbs, meaning that among the names of verbs, there are those that have a verb function, meaning that their object does not precede them. For example, with "Dunaka Zayd" (Here is Zayd for you), you cannot say "Zayd dunaka," right? Now, if someone says: The word of Allah the Exalted is a counter-argument to you:
the decree of Allah upon you
كتاب الله عليكم"And delay what has a verb in it"